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WARFIGHTING PHILOSOPHY - Correct Answer ✅•Maneuver warfare seeks to shatter the enemy's cohesion through a series of rapid, violent, and unexpected actions which create a turbulent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope. •Besides traits such as endurance and courage that all warfare demands, maneuver warfare puts a premium on certain particular human skills and traits. It requires:
The temperament to cope with uncertainty.
Flexibility of mind to deal with fluid and disorderly situations.
A willingness to act with initiative and boldness.
The moral courage to accept responsibility for this type of behavior. LEADERSHIP PHILOSOPHY - Correct Answer ✅Leading Marines describes a leadership philosophy that reflects the traditional strengths of the Marine Corps as an institution and attempts to define the very ethos of being a Marine.
Marine leadership philosophy: •Is about the inseparable relationship between the leader and the led, and is as much about the individual Marine—the bedrock upon which our Corps is built—as it is about any leader •Captures the undefinable spirit that forms the character of our Corps—being a Marine comes from the Eagle, Globe, and Anchor that is tattooed on the soul of every one of us after earning the title United States Marine •Is based upon certain fundamental traits and principles of leading—Marines are not born knowing them, but must learn what they are and what they represent HONOR - Correct Answer ✅A code of personal integrity, honor guides those who do the right thing when no one is looking. It is not only a duty but also a distinction, as those who possess honor are held in honor. It is found in one's beliefs but exhibited through one's actions. Marines are held to the highest of standards, ethically and morally. Marines are expected to act responsibly in a manner befitting the title they have earned. COURAGE - Correct Answer ✅When other principles are tested, it is courage that prevents them from crumbling. It is not about ignoring fear but being stronger than fear. Courage is the guardian of all other values. It is there when times are toughest, when difficult decisions have to be made. It takes the form of mental, physical, and ethical strength, and it is found in the backbone of every Marine. COMMITMENT - Correct Answer ✅Commitment is the spirit of determination found in every Marine. It is what compels Marines to serve our nation and the Corps and to continue on when others quit. Commitment does not take breaks, and it cannot be faked. It measures and proves one's desire,
•War may range from intense clashes between large military forces— sometimes backed by an official declaration of war—to subtler, unconventional hostilities that barely reach the threshold of violence. FRICTION - Correct Answer ✅Countless factors make war difficult to conduct. Collectively, these factors are called friction. Friction: •Is the force that resists all action and saps energy. It makes the simple difficult and the difficult seemingly impossible •Can be mental or physical •Can be external or self-imposed Whatever form it takes war is a human enterprise; therefore, friction will always have a psychological as well as a physical impact. UNCERTAINTY - Correct Answer ✅Another attribute of war is uncertainty. All actions in war take place in an atmosphere of uncertainty, or in the "fog of war." •Uncertainty pervades battle in the form of unknowns about the enemy, the environment, and even the friendly situation. •The very nature of war makes certainty impossible; all actions in war will be based on incomplete, inaccurate, or even contradictory information.
•Because we can never eliminate uncertainty, we must learn to fight effectively despite it. We can do this by:
Developing simple and flexible plans
Planning for likely contingencies
Developing standing operating procedures
Fostering initiative among subordinates FLUIDITY - Correct Answer ✅Each episode in war is the temporary result of a unique combination of circumstances, presenting a unique set of problems and requiring an original solution. Since war is a fluid phenomenon, its conduct requires flexibility of thought.
compromised of groups, groups are comprised of squadrons, down to the actions of individual Marines. •Each element is part of a larger whole and must cooperate with other elements for the accomplishment of the common goal. At the same time, each has its own mission; must adapt to its own situation; and must deal with friction, uncertainty, and disorder. •As a result, war is not governed by the actions or decisions of a single individual in any one place but emerges from the collective behavior of all the individual parts in the system interacting locally in response to local conditions and incomplete information. Efforts to fully centralize military operations and to exert complete control by a single decision-maker are inconsistent with the complex and distributed nature of war. THE HUMAN DIMENSION - Correct Answer ✅The human dimension is central in war. It is the human dimension which infuses war with its intangible moral factors. •War is shaped by human nature and is subject to the complexities, inconsistencies, and peculiarities that characterize human behavior. •War is an extreme trial of moral and physical strength and stamina.
Individuals and groups of people react differently to the stress of war; an act that may break the will of one enemy may only serve to stiffen the resolve of another. Human will, instilled through leadership, is the driving force of all action in war. VIOLENCE AND DANGER - Correct Answer ✅War is among the greatest horrors known to humanity. •The means of war is force, applied in the form of organized violence. It is through the use of violence, or the credible threat of violence, that we compel our enemy to do our will. •Violence is an essential element of war, and its immediate result is bloodshed, destruction, and suffering. •While the magnitude of violence may vary with the object and means of war, the violent essence of war will never change. Since war is a violent enterprise, danger is ever present. The human reaction to danger—fear— has a significant impact on the conduct of war. •Everybody feels fear. Courage is not the absence of fear; rather, it is the strength to overcome fear. •Leaders must foster the courage to overcome fear, both individually and within the unit. PHYSICAL, MORAL, AND MENTAL FORCES - Correct Answer ✅War is characterized by the interaction of physical, moral, and mental forces.
•Use of modern modes of transportation to support war Marine leaders must continue to educate themselves and use this evolution process to their advantage. As an NCO, you must remain proactive in your efforts to develop new skills and learn to apply them in the execution of your daily duties. Science of War - Correct Answer ✅Various aspects of war fall within the realm of science, which is the methodical application of the empirical laws of nature. The science of war includes those activities directly subject to the laws of ballistics, mechanics, and similar disciplines. For example, the application of fires, the effects of weapons, and the rates and methods of movement and resupply. However, science does not describe the whole phenomenon. Art of War - Correct Answer ✅An even greater part of the conduct of war falls under the realm of art, which is the employment of creative or intuitive skills. Art includes the creative, situational application of scientific knowledge through judgment and experience, and so the art of war subsumes the science of war. The art of war requires the intuitive ability to grasp the essence of a unique military situation and the creative ability to devise a practical solution. It involves conceiving strategies and tactics and developing plans of action to suit a given situation. This still does not describe the whole phenomenon. Dynamic of War - Correct Answer ✅There is far more to the conduct of war than can be explained by art and science. Art and science stop short of explaining the fundamental dynamic of war. The essential dynamic of war is the dynamic of competitive human interaction rather than the dynamic of art or science. Human beings interact with each other in ways that are fundamentally different from the way a scientist works with chemicals or formulas or the way an artist works with paints or musical notes. It is because of this dynamic of human interaction that fortitude, perseverance,
boldness, esprit, and other traits not explainable by art or science are so essential in war. WAR AS AN ACT OF POLICY - Correct Answer ✅War is an extension of both policy and politics with the addition of military force. Policy and politics are related but not synonymous. •Politics refers to the distribution of power through dynamic interaction, both cooperative and competitive. •Policy refers to the objectives established within the political process. •We should recognize that war is not an inanimate instrument, but an animate force which may likely have unintended consequences that may change the political situation. STRATEGIC - Correct Answer ✅The strategic level involves national strategy and military strategy. •National strategy sets policy objectives and mobilizes the nation's resources for attaining these goals. •Military strategy focuses on the military means for attaining policy goals. •At the strategic level, forces are distributed and theaters of war are established. OPERATIONAL - Correct Answer ✅The operational level of war links tactics and strategy.
•Speed and surprise are used to create and exploit an advantage, which often involves greater risk. •Firepower and attrition are necessary when our forces are focused upon particular elements of the enemy's forces. CREATING AND EXPLOITING OPPORTUNITY - Correct Answer ✅Exploiting opportunity is the ability and willingness to ruthlessly exploit an opportunity to generate decisive results. At times, it may be difficult to identify the enemy's critical vulnerabilities. We may attack each vulnerability until an opportunity arises. •NCOs that understand the theory and nature of war will be better equipped to anticipate, create, recognize, and exploit fleeting opportunities. •The ability to take advantage of opportunity is a function of: -Speed -Boldness -Flexibility -Initiative A technically and tactically proficient NCO empowered to think critically and make decisions is critical to creating and ruthlessly exploiting opportunities that generate decisive results.
FUTURE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT - Correct Answer ✅The future operating environment will be one of constant and accelerating change. •Economic, demographic, resource, climate, and other trends will engender competition locally, regionally, and globally. •Global integration, intense nationalism, and religious movements will likely exacerbate the tensions created by each of these trends. •Of particular concern are:
Failed and failing states, which could lead to more "ungoverned spaces" and become safe havens for terrorists, criminals, and groups engaged in other illicit activities
Rogue states that use proxies, which allow the state to distance itself from actions and achieve strategic aims simultaneously DEFINE TRADITIONAL WARFARE - Correct Answer ✅Traditional warfare is defined as a form of warfare between the regulated militaries of states, or alliances of states, in which the objective is to defeat an adversary's armed forces, destroy an adversary's war-making capacity, or seize or retain territory to force a change in an adversary's government or policies
IRREGULAR WARFARE ACTIVITIES - Correct Answer ✅-Counter-terrorism -Unconventional -Foreign Internal Defense -Counter-Insurgency -Stability Operations COUNTER TERRORISM - Correct Answer ✅Counterterrorism is defined as actions taken directly against terrorist networks and indirectly to influence and render global and regional environments inhospitable to terrorist networks. •The joint force will conduct lethal and non-lethal operations against terrorists and their networks to deter, disrupt, and defeat terrorists and their enablers. •The focus of effort in counterterrorism is to capture or kill terrorists to permanently remove them from a position of damaging influence in the populace. This focus of joint force operations will be to first identify and understand the terrorist network's leadership, affiliate groups, local organizations, radicalized individuals, and supporters and enablers, and then undertake continuous action as part of a global counterterrorist network that uses a broad set of interagency and multinational partner capabilities. UNCONVENTIONAL WARFARE - Correct Answer ✅Unconventional warfare is defined as activities conducted to enable a resistance movement or insurgency to coerce, disrupt, or overthrow a government or occupying power by operating through or with an underground, auxiliary, and guerrilla force in a denied area.
The joint force may employ unconventional warfare to counter irregular threats, such as states that wage irregular or proxy warfare. Pursuant to a national policy decision, the joint force may conduct unconventional warfare to: •Induce change in a foreign government's behavior that is contrary to U.S. national interests. •Isolate, destabilize, or undermine a hostile foreign government. •Enable the overthrow of a hostile regime or a shadow government or force the withdrawal of an occupying power by supporting an insurgency. FOREIGN INTERNAL DEFENSE - Correct Answer ✅Foreign internal defense, or FID, is defined as participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. While the Department of State will generally lead efforts that support the sovereign host-nation government's defense and development plan, the joint force will often focus on the military element of FID to build the host-nation's security capacity, from the ministerial to tactical level. It may, if requested, also support civilian-led efforts to improve the host-nation's governance and development capacity, for example by providing advisory assistance outside of the security sector in support of interagency requirements.
civilians and reservists, who possess critical non-military skills in governance, rule of law, and development. LEADERSHIP AND ETHICAL IMPERATIVES - Correct Answer ✅The final rules of leadership and ethical imperatives are: •No better friend, no worse enemy: There is no better friend to the populace and no worse enemy to the insurgent. •First, do no harm: Avoid and prevent the killing or wounding of innocents. This is inherent to our mission. •The people are not the enemy, but our enemy hides amongst them. •Professionalism: Our actions and appearance demonstrate our professionalism at all times. We are confident, alert, and proficient. We fully understand the nature of the fight, the rightness of our cause, and are ready to show our courage to those friendly and enemy observers watching our every move. •Consistent and continuous application of individual and small unit discipline and tactical skills: These skills include use of micro- terrain, covering each other's back, understanding the value of cover and local security in relation to the enemy's ability to gain an advantage, and understanding that urban combat is all about angles. Complacency kills, and it only takes a moment of inattention for complacency to take its toll. Teach your Marines to be hard to kill. DEFINE CULTURE - Correct Answer ✅Culture is defined as the shared world view and social structure of a group of people that influence a person's and a group's actions and choices.
•This definition emphasizes that cultural beliefs and social structures influence people's actions and choices. •By focusing on the outcome of cultural beliefs and structures—the actions that people take—this definition provides Marines with an observable behavior, rather than an unobservable belief system, that can be incorporated into operational planning. The word "culture" not only refers to the meanings and beliefs that people hold, but sometimes to a specific group of people. To distinguish this meaning, we need to define a culture group. A culture group is a group of people whose common world view unites them in a system of social structures and shared behaviors. OPERATIONAL CULTURE - Correct Answer ✅The Marine Corps defines operational culture as the aspects of culture that influence the outcome of a military operation and conversely, the military actions that influence the culture within an area of operations, or AO. Operational culture can be used by Marines to better understand an AO and to plan and execute across the operational spectrum. Culture affects military operations regardless of where the operation is located. Operational culture consists of: •Operationally relevant behavior, relationships and perceptions of indigenous security forces who Marines operate against or with, civilian populations Marines operate among, indigenous communities or groups Marines wish to influence, and international partners in coalition operations •Dimensions that influence operationally relevant behavior, conduct, and attitudes
