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CPPS 304 EXAMPREP 2026 SOLVED QUESTIONS FULL SOLUTION SET
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โ Pharmacokinetics. Answer: what the body does to the drug โ drug absoprtion. Answer: the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the general circulation โ pKa. Answer: the pH at which half of the drug is ionized โ Bioavailability. Answer: the fraction of an orally given drug that reaches circulation โ clearance. Answer: the volume of blood from which a drug is irreversibly removed per unit of time โ volume of distribution. Answer: a theoretical volume in which the total amount of administered drug should be uniformly distributed t account for its plasma or blood concentration โ half-life. Answer: the time it takes for half of the drug to be metabolized by 50% โ ion-trapping. Answer: acidic drug accumulates on the more basic side and a basic drug accumulates on the more acidic side
โ An acidic drug become more ionized in ______ medium. Answer: a basic โ A basic drug becomes more ionized in ______ medium. Answer: an acidic โ first pass metabolism. Answer: Phenomenon in which the liver metabolizes some of a drug before it can circulate through the body, particularly when the drug has been taken orally. โ High Vd. Answer: most of the drug is in the extravascular compartment โ Low Vd. Answer: most of the drug is in the vascular compartment (the blood vessel) โ Drug metabolism. Answer: chemical modification of drug enzymes, to make them more poalr, and therefore readily excretable by the kidneys โ Phase 1 metabolism. Answer: Oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis; makes the drug more polar โ Phase 2 metabolism. Answer: Conjugation reactions to polar groups; drug inactivation and rapid excretion
โขit takes about 5 half-lives for that drug to achieve steady-state concentrations in the plasma โ receptor. Answer: macromolecule whose biological function changes when a drug binds to it โ agonist. Answer: a drug which binds to the receptor and produces an effect โ antagonist. Answer: a drug that binds but does not activate the receptor โ Partial Agonist. Answer: has affinity but less intrinsic activity โ Competitive Antagonist. Answer: Drug competes with the agonist for binding to the receptor. If it binds, there is no response and a higher dose is needed โ Non-competitive antagonist. Answer: a high dose of agonist cannot produce maximal effect โ Efficacy. Answer: ability of a bound drug to change the receptor in a way that produces an effect โ therapeutic index. Answer: TD50/ ED50; higher the ratio, safer the drug
โ therapeutic window. Answer: the difference between the minimum effective concentration for a desired response and an adverse response โ EC50. Answer: the concentration of what produces 50% of maximum response โ Kd. Answer: the dissociation constant โ Low Kd. Answer: more affinity the drug has for the receptor โ High Kd. Answer: less affinity the drug has for the receptor โ allosteric interaction. Answer: when two ligands bind to a receptor but it affects how the other molecule binds or responds โ