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CURRENTLY TESTING SOLUTIONS OF EXAM 3 USAHS
Neuroscience WITH ACTUAL CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
What is the cranial nerve exit for olfactory nerve? - ANSWER-Cribriform plate What is the cranial nerve exit for the optic nerve? - ANSWER-Optic canal What is the cranial nerve exit for the oculomotor nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure What is the cranial nerve exit for trochlear nerve? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure How many branches does the trigeminal nerve have and what are their exits? - ANSWER-a. 3 b. Ophthalmic - superior orbital fissure c. Maxillary foramen- rotundum d. Mandibular - foramen ovale and foramen spinosum What is the cranial nerve exit for abducens? - ANSWER-Superior orbital fissure What is the cranial nerve exit for facial nerve? - ANSWER-Stylomastoid foramen and internal acoustic meatus How many branches does the facial nerve have? What is the nerve exit? - ANSWER-Greater petrosal nerve- foramen lacerum What is the cranial nerve exit for vestibulocochlear? - ANSWER-internal acoustic meatus
What is the cranial nerve exit for glossopharyngeal and what is tis branch and exit? - ANSWER-a. Jugular foramen b. Branch is lesser petrosal c. Exit- comes out of foramen ovale Exit for vagus cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen Exit for accessory cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Jugular foramen Exit for hypoglossal cranial nerve? - ANSWER-Hypoglossal canal Where does the light enter through? - ANSWER-lens Once light enters through the lens it goes to the what? - ANSWER-retina What is the central fixation for each eye w the highest visual acuity? - ANSWER-fovea This surrounds the fovea and also has a relatively high visual acuity? - ANSWER-macula This area is formed by axons leaving the retina and has no photoreceptors - ANSWER-optic disc 15 degs lateral temporal is known as your what? - ANSWER-blind spot What are the 3 layers of the retina? - ANSWER-outmost layer biplor layer innermost layer
What ganglion cells responds to very fine visual details and color? And what layer does it project to? - ANSWER-Midget cells and parvocellular layers in LGN T/F the medial geniculate nucleus is associate w the visual pathway - ANSWER-a. False b. LGN is associated w visual pathway Optic nerve receives input from what? - ANSWER-the ganglion cells T/F the visual field of the right eye is carried by the right optic nerve? - ANSWER-true What is susceptible to compression by pituitary tumor? - ANSWER-optic chiasm T/F the optic chiasm receives visual input from the nasal side? - ANSWER-a. False b. It receives visual input from the temporal side What are the nasal fibers responsible for? - ANSWER-the temporal part of the visual field Damage to the optic chiasm will cause what? - ANSWER-a. Bitemporal hemianopsia b. Aka tunnel vision The R optic tract is carrying info from R/L fibers which is R/L visual field. Does this apply to one eye or both? - ANSWER-R fibers L visual field both eyes If there was damage to the R tract, what will it cause? - ANSWER-Contralateral homonymous hemianopsia of L visual field
Give me the pathway from the temporal visual field of the R eye to the optic tract: - ANSWER-Temporal R visual field- L nasal fibers- R optic nerve - optic chiasm - L optic tract Pathway from the nasal visual field of R eye to the optic tract - ANSWER-a. Nasal L visual field - temporal R fibers - R optic nerve - R optic tract b. It doesn't cross! The tracts are wrapped around what part of the brainstem? - ANSWER-Midbrain The LGN has how many layers? - ANSWER-6 ventral to dorsal Layers 3-6 of LGN are made up by what layers? And they receive info by what ganglion cells? - ANSWER- a. Parvocellular layers b. Midget cells Layers 1 and 2 of LGN are made up by what layers? That receive info by what ganglion cells? - ANSWER-a. Magnocellular layers b. Parasol cells Vision from the R optic tract will synapse to the R/L LGN which is info from the R/L visual field? - ANSWER-a. Synapse R LGN
Secondary visual cortex is Brodmann's area? - ANSWER- 18 Tertiary visual cortex is Brodmann's area? - ANSWER- 19 When in doubt: - ANSWER-Uncul herniations; CN The primary visual cortex is what lobe? Divided by what fissure? What are the two banks called? - ANSWER-a. Occipital lobe b. Calcarine fissure c. Upper bank = cuneus d. Lower bank = lingula What optic radiations project to the upper bank? - ANSWER-superior radiations What optic radiations project to the lower bank? - ANSWER-inferior radiations Marlene is on your R and Blessie on L. the R lower bank is looking at who and what? - ANSWER-blessie's top half Marlene is on L and Nick on R side. Your L upper bank is looking at who and what? - ANSWER-nicks bottom half Pathway from L nasal visual field of R eye to the lower bank: - ANSWER-L nasal field, R fibers, R optic nerve, R tract, LGN, R inferior optic radiations, R lower bank
For motion/spatial analysis info will be received from what ganglion cells? To what layers? To what cortex? Specifically where? - ANSWER-Parasol cells, magnocellular cells in LGN, primary visual cortex, dorsolateral parieto-occipital cortex Form info will receive info from what ganglion cells? to what layer? To what cortex? Specifically, where? - ANSWER-Midget cells, parvocellular layer, primary visual cortex, inferior occipitotemporal Color info will be received from what regions? To what cortex? To what specifically? - ANSWER- Parvocellular and interlaminar regions, primary visual cortex, inferior occipitotemporal cortex This pathway projects to the parieto-occipital cortex and analyzes motion and special relationships bw objects? - ANSWER-Dorsal pathways aka "the where" This pathways projects to the occipitotemporal cortex and identifies colors faces and other visual stimuli
- ANSWER-Ventral pathways aka "the what" What artery supplies the ventral pathways? - ANSWER-PCA what arteries supply the dorsal pathways? - ANSWER-MCA and PCA watersheds what visual deficit occurs through damage of the optic nerve, eye or retina - ANSWER-monocular visual loss a circumscribed region of visual loss is known as - ANSWER-scotoma a partial lesion to the PVC (primary visual cortex) specifically by the occipital pole would primarily involve the area represented by fovea and macula - ANSWER-central scotoma improved vision by corrective lens - ANSWER-refractive error a transient occlusion of the superior or inferior branch of the retinal artery that caused the browning out is called what - ANSWER-amaurosis fugax
what nerves originate at the pons - ANSWER-cranial nerves 5,6,7, what nerves enter the brainstem either ventrally or ventral laterally - ANSWER- 3 - 12 except 4 CN anosmia is a lesion to what cranial nerve - ANSWER-1: olfactory sensory loss (nose) when you see diplopia ptsosis (droopy eyelid) and diagonal diplopia it is damage to what cranial nerve - ANSWER-3: oculomotor a vertical or media strabismus or vertical diplopia, hypertopia is a lesion to what cranial nerve - ANSWER- trochlear tix doulourex is a result of a lesion to what cranial nerve? what is another name for it and what is it? - ANSWER-trigeminal brief severe pain lasting seconds to minutes episode provoked by chewing, shaving trigeminal neuralgia *-another name horizontal diplopia, medial strabismus or diplopia is a lesion to what nerve? - ANSWER-abducens facial weakness to the contralateral face but sparing the forehead is what type of lesion to what cranial nerve? - ANSWER-UMN of facial nerve what cortical stroke occurs that affects face and arms - ANSWER-MCA T/F unilateral hearing loss is seen with lesion in the CNS proximal to the cochlear nuclei - ANSWER-false it is not seen
what are the components of the outer ear? - ANSWER-pinna, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane what are the components of the middle ear - ANSWER-malleus, incus, stapes what are the components of the inner ear - ANSWER-bony labyrinth membranous labyrinth vestibules semicircular canals where is the organ of corti located - ANSWER-scala media what is the function of organ of corti - ANSWER-a receptor organ for hearing what is brodmanns area 41? - ANSWER-auditory cortex whats brodmanns area 42? - ANSWER-heschl's gyri where is the secondary auditory cortex located? what is the brodmanns area - ANSWER-wernickes area area 22 what detects angular acceleration around 3 orthogonal axes? it also detects the rotation of the head around the axes, and causes endolymph through the ampulla - ANSWER-semicircular canals what detects linear acceleration and head tilt? - ANSWER-utricle and saccule what does the macula consist of - ANSWER-calcified crystals called otoliths occurs in visual cortex because MCA or PCA may provide collateral flow to the representative of macula in the occipital pole - ANSWER-macular sparing
