CRAY-1 super computer Introduction, Assignments of Architecture

Download CRAY-1 super computer Introduction and more Assignments Architecture in PDF only on Docsity!

Cray-

Presentation on:

Dept of Computer

Application

Agenda

• (^) Introduction to CRAY-
• (^) Need of CRAY-1..??
• (^) Architecture & working
• (^) Conclusion

Why cray-1…???

 The CRAY-1 is particularly adapted to the needs of the scientific community and is

especially useful in solving problems requiring the analysis and predict of the

behavior of physical phenomena through computer simulation.

 The fields of weather forecasting, aircraft design, nuclear research, geophysical

research, and seismic analysis involve this process.

 For example, the movements of global air masses for weather forecasting, air flows

over wing and airframe surfaces for aircraft design, and the movements of particles

for nuclear research, all lend themselves to such simulations.

 In each fic field, the equations are known but the solutions require extensive

computations involving large quantities of data. The quality of a solution depends

heavily on the number of data points that can be considered and the number of

computations that can be performed. The CRAY-1 provides substantial increases

with respect to both the number of data points and computations so that researchers

can apply CRAY-1 to problems not feasibly solvable in the past.

architecture Physical Dimensions i. A cylindrical shape was chosen for the CRAY-1 in order to keep wiring distances small. ii. The mainframe is composed of 12 wedge like columns arranged in a 270° arc. This leaves room for a reasonably trim individual to gain access to the interior of the machine. iii. The love-seat disguises the power supplies and some plumbing for the Freon cooling system. The CRAY-1 is equipped with 12 i/o channels, 16 memory banks, 12 functional units, and more than 4K bytes of register storage. Access to memory is shared by the i/o channels and high-speed registers. Physical dimension main-frame:

• (^) Dimensions Base- 103 1/2 inches diameter by 19 inches high
• (^) Columns 56 1/2 inches diameter by 77 inches high including height of base
• (^) 24 chassis
• (^) 1662 modules; 113 module types
• (^) Each module contains up to 288 IC packages per module
• (^) Power consumption approximately 115 kw input for maximum memory size
• (^) Freon cooled with Freon/water heat exchange
• (^) Three memory options
• (^) Weight 10,500 lbs (maximum memory size)
• (^) Three basic chip types
• (^) 5/4 NAND gates Memory chips Register chips

3. COOLING SYSTEM :

 (^) The CRAY-1 generates about four times as much heat per cubic inch as the 7600.  (^) To cool the CRAY-1 a new cooling technology was developed, also based on Freon, but employing available metal conductors in a new way.  (^) Within each chassis vertical aluminum/stainless steel cooling bars line each column wall. The Freon refrigerant is passed through a stainless steel tube within the aluminum casing.  (^) Working:-

• (^) When modules are in place, heat is dissipated through the inner copper heat transfer plate in the module to the column walls and thence into the cooling bars. The modules are mated with the cold bar by using stainless steel pins to pinch the copper plate against the aluminum outer casing of the bar.
• (^) To assure component reliability, the cooling system was designed to provide a maximum case temperature of 130°F (54°C).
• (^) To meet this goal, the following temperature differentials are observed: Temperature at center of module 130°F(54°C) Temperature at edge of module 118°F(48°C) Cold plate temperature at wedge 78°F(25°C) Cold bar temperature 70°F(2rC) Refrigerant tube temperature 70°F(2rC)

4. Functional Units i. The Cray-1 had 12 functional units (pipeline processors). A key feature of a pipeline register/processor was that it allowed an instruction to be fetched in parallel with the data operation – i.e. While one instruction was being executed, the nest instruction was being fetched. ii. There were five types of registers that the Cray-1 employed. Three were primary registers: A, S, and V; two were intermediate or temporary storage registers: B, and T. iii. Besides the operating registers, the CPU also had supporting registers that supported control of program execution. iv. Supporting registers were VL (Vector Length), VM (Vector Mask), P (Program counter), BA (Base Address), LA (Limit Address), XA (exchange Address), F (Flag), and M (Mode) registers.

Cooling system Close-up of logic boards Top of the casing Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-

Cray-1A power supply Some of the 50 miles of wiring Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray-

THANK YOU…