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CRITICAL THINKING NUR 200 HONDROS ACTUAL EXAM PAPER
2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔analytic reasoning (interpreting) - ✔✔based on theoretical knowledge. nurse makes a hypothesis or best guess about the pt care situation and then tests. typically students and novice nurses ✔✔Interpreting - ✔✔Understanding of the situation ✔✔intuitive reasoning (interpreting) - ✔✔based on unstated but understood knowledge about the pt, the care giving context, and their previous experiences. typically expert nurse. ✔✔Responding - ✔✔Based on what you interpreted the nurse will determine appropriate actions ✔✔narrative reasoning (interpreting) - ✔✔way of making sense of a situation through telling and interpreting stories. nurse hears pt stories of past medical experiences, helps nurse understand specific pt experiences, setting the stage for individualized care ✔✔Reflection in action - ✔✔Observing patient reaction to the action the nurse chose and deciding if the situation was fixed ✔✔responding (tanners) - ✔✔taking action, ability to carry out nursing skills and effective communication, delegating, setting priorities ✔✔Reflection on action - ✔✔Patient responses to the outcomes. Nursing refelection after the situation was solved ✔✔reflecting (tanners) - ✔✔pt outcomes, evaluating data- complete actions then reassessment data is collected again used to determine if interventions were effective or any further actions needed, evaluating and correcting thinking. ✔✔Novice nurse - ✔✔Uses analytic reasoning. Uses textbook in a systemic analysis of a situation ✔✔reflecting-in-action (reflect) - ✔✔understanding of patients response to nursing actions while care is occurring. "real time" during pt care. determine pt statues and adjust care accordingly. ✔✔Expert nurse - ✔✔Uses intuitive reasoing. Recognizes patterns immediatly. Able to look at the big picture
✔✔reflecting-on-action (reflect) - ✔✔consideration of situation after the care occurs. contemplate a situation and decide what was and wasn't successful. critical for development of knowledge. ✔✔Assessment - ✔✔Collecting and analyzing data from the patient, family members, health care team ✔✔interrelated concepts of clinical judgment - ✔✔ ✔✔Who does the initial assessment - ✔✔RN ✔✔critical thinking - ✔✔ability to think in a systematically and logical manner with openness to question and reflect on the reasoning process. ask "why, what am i missing" ✔✔Focused assessment - ✔✔Used to gather information on a specific problem ✔✔critical thinking in nursing process - ✔✔go hand in hand in making quality decisions about patient care. knowledge, standards, attitudes, experience ✔✔Head to toe assessment - ✔✔Systemic approach so you dont miss something ✔✔nursing process - ✔✔Assessment Diagnosis Planning Implementation Evaluation ✔✔Objective data - ✔✔What you can observe or measure. Also known as signs ✔✔assessment (nursing process) - ✔✔ 1 - collection of info from primary source (pt) and secondary (family, friends, health professionals, medical record). 2 - interpretation and validation of data to ensure a complete data base subjective and objective ✔✔Subjective data - ✔✔Can not be measured. What the patient is feeling. Also known as symptoms ✔✔Cue and Inference (assessment) - ✔✔Cue is information that you obtain through use of senses. Inference is your judgment or interpretation of these cues. ✔✔Clinical judgment - ✔✔Interpretation or conclusion about a patients needs, concerns or health problems, and/or the decision to take action ( or not) use or modify standard approaches, or improvise as one deems appropriate to the patients response
✔✔Cue - ✔✔A piece or pieces of data that often indicate that an actual or potential problem has occured or will occur ✔✔Biographic data - ✔✔Facts or events in a persons life ✔✔interventions (care plan) - ✔✔independent- a nurse initiates, dependent- require and order, collaborative- require the combined knowledge, skill, and expertise of multiple providers. Includes; actions, frequency, quantity, method, and person to perform them ✔✔Direct thinking - ✔✔Purposeful and outcome- oriented ✔✔implementation (nursing process) - ✔✔putting plan into action. reassessing, review and revise care plan, ✔✔Problem- oriented thinking - ✔✔Focuses on a particular problem to find a solution ✔✔standing order - ✔✔preprinted document containing orders for routine therapies, monitoring guidelines, and or diagnostic procedures for specific patients with identical problems. ✔✔Critical thinking - ✔✔An advanced way of thinking or problem solving method. How can we do this better? ✔✔delegation (implementation) - ✔✔transferring to a competent individual the authority to perform a selected nursing task. assess, plan, supervise, and evaluate ✔✔Principles of critical thinking - ✔✔1. Collect data in an organized way
- Verify data in an organized way
- Arrange data in an organized way
- Look for gaps in information
- Analyze the data
- Test it out ( is it purposeful and outcome- oriented ✔✔evaluation (nursing process) - ✔✔determine if the plan is successful. if the pt is improving. reassessment. care plan revision, discontinue/modify. document results. ✔✔How to think critically - ✔✔1. Assess information
- Comprehend the information
- Store the information in long term memory
- Recall the comprehended information
- Know what to do when information is not in long term memory
✔✔RN responsibilities - ✔✔Safety, PT outcomes, PT education ✔✔Things that influence critical thinking - ✔✔1. Upbringing and culture
- Motivation
- Effective listening
- Self confidence
- Communication skills
- Attitude
- Anxiety ✔✔nursing process compared to tanners model - ✔✔1. assessment= noticing
- nursing diagnosis & planning= interpretation
- implementation= responding
- evaluation= reflecting ✔✔Cognitive levels - ✔✔Various levels of thinking ✔✔Benners stages of clinical competence - ✔✔links the concepts of professional identity Stage 1: Novice Stage 2: Advanced Beginner Stage 3: Competent Stage 4: Proficient Stage 5: Expert ✔✔Knowledge - ✔✔Ability to recall and repeat information you have memorized ( lowest level of learning ✔✔Stage 1; novice (benners) - ✔✔beginner, no experience. lacks confidence. continual verbal and physical cues. takes a prolonged time, unable to use discretionary judgment. ✔✔Comprehension - ✔✔Ability to grasp the material ( lowest level of understanding) ✔✔Stage 2: advanced beginners (benners) - ✔✔marginally acceptable performance, has prior experience in actual situations. skillful in parts of practice, occasional cues. may be delayed in time. knowledge developing. ✔✔Application - ✔✔Ability to apply learned material to a situation. ( highest level of understanding) ✔✔Stage 3: competent (benners) - ✔✔same or similar job 2-3 years. demonstrates efficiency, coordinated and confident. plan established based on considerable
✔✔knowing the patient (clinical judgement) - ✔✔in depth knowledge of a patients patterns of response within a clinical situation and knowing the pt as a person. ✔✔Goals - ✔✔Realistic, measurable, time-limited statements of resolution to a problem or need ✔✔components of critical thinking - ✔✔-knowledge
- experience
- competence
- attitudes
- standards ✔✔Yes - ✔✔Can pain be subjective and objective ✔✔knowledge base (critical thinking) - ✔✔prepares you to better anticipate and identify patients problems by understanding their origin and nature. varies according to education, initiative, experience. ✔✔Implementation - ✔✔Nursing care to accomplish a goal for a patient( what you are going to do) ✔✔experience (critical thinking) - ✔✔necessary to acquire clinical decision making skills. learn from observing, sensing, talking with patients and families, and reflecting actively on all experiences. ✔✔competency (critical thinking) - ✔✔in practice you will apply critical thinking components during each step of the nursing process. general critical thinking, specific critical thinking- nursing process ✔✔Interdependent - ✔✔Both RN and LPN carry out orders for treatments and meds written by the doctor ✔✔Intervention - ✔✔Action taken to reach a patient outcome ✔✔attitudes (critical thinking) - ✔✔guidelines for how to approach a problem or decision making situation. confidence, independence, fairness, responsibility, risk taking, discipline, perseverance, creativity, curiosity, integrity, humility ✔✔Nursing diagnosis - ✔✔Process the RN is exclussivly responsible for ✔✔standards (critical thinking) - ✔✔intellectual standards- a principle for rational thought- used for nursing process
Professional standard- ethical criteria for nursing judgement, evidence based criteria used for evaluation, and criteria for professional responsibility ✔✔Planning - ✔✔The LPN assists the RN in the development of the planning of the goals and outcomes as well as interventions for the patient ✔✔ANA Standards of Professional Nursing Practice - ✔✔standard of care provided to patients.
- Includes identifying and acknowledging expertise of those inside and outside nursing profession
- Includes referring client to others in order to meet client's needs ✔✔Toxotomy - ✔✔Standarized, orderly. Systemic language ✔✔priority setting of patient care - ✔✔is the ordering of nursing diagnosis or patient problems using notions of urgency and importance to establish a preferential order for nursing interventions. "Treat the cause before the symptom." ✔✔Fulmers SPICES tool - ✔✔S. Sleeping disorders P. Problems eating or feeding I. Incontinence C. Confussion E. Evidence of falls S. Skin breakdown Tool used to flag areas that may need more assessing or more data collection Assessing systemically and comprehensively, gathering complete and accurate data ✔✔RRT (Rapid Response Team) - ✔✔prevent/ minimize deterioration of a pt ✔✔Advanced begginer nurse - ✔✔Shows acceptable performance, has gained prior experience in actual nursing situations. Looks for support through their peers and supervisors but not constantly ✔✔Benner's Theory - ✔✔Novice to expert. The theory that nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time from a combination of strong educational background and personal experiences ✔✔Noticing - ✔✔Vital Signs, is the patient in pain, color of their skin what are their suroundings ✔✔interpretation - ✔✔your understanding of the situation when you put all your data together to come up with the diagnosis
✔✔objective data (noticing) - ✔✔information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs ✔✔Analytic reasoning - ✔✔Situation is unfamiliar ✔✔subjective data (noticing) - ✔✔things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms ✔✔Intuitive reasoning - ✔✔Able to recognize the situation immedialy. Pattern based ✔✔factors that influence "Noticing" - ✔✔-intrapersonal characteristics of the nurse
- theoretical and experiential knowledge of the nurse
- knowing the patient
- context or environment of care ✔✔Narrative reasoning - ✔✔Situation to patient experience with illness. ✔✔Interpreting (tanners) - ✔✔comparing and contrast data, clustering related information, recognizing inconsistencies, checking accuracy, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant, determine importance of info, judge how much ambiguity is acceptable (ie b/p dt condition), determine legal ethical professional guidelines, (predicting and) *managing potential complications ✔✔Noticing - ✔✔1. Identify signs and symptoms
- Complete and accurate date
- Assessing systemically and comprehensively
- Predicting and managing patient complications
- Identifying assumptions
