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CRJ 312: Study Guide
The primary difference between the consensus and conflict theorists with respect to their view of government vis a vis the governed is - their evaluation of the legitimacy of the actions of ruling groups in contemporary societies Administrators focus on - the overall organization, it's mission, use of resources and relationship with other agencies ________ is a view that the justice system's components cooperate and share similar goals but operate independently and compete for funding - Criminal Justice Network ________ is the view of the criminal justice system in which it is assumed that all parts of the system in work toward a common goal - The consensus model _____ is feeling good about what on accomplishes - An intrinsic reward Much of the failure to deal effectively with crime in society may be attributed to - the fragmentation of the justice process The most complex and comprehensive approach to effecting planned change in the criminal justice field is the process of developing a - policy Police captains and lieutenants are often - managers Policymaking involves - developing plans The part of the criminal justice process that the US public sees the least of and knows the least about is
- corrections Beginning in the 1930s, people began to realize the negative effects of some management systems on the worker. A view which arose in policing that management should instill pride and dignity in officers is known as - human relations management An early school of management theory that is concerned primarily with the efficacy and output of the individual worker is - scientific management
Definitions of leadership include the following statement - "working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals" ______, who first emphasized time and motion studies is known today as the father of scientific management - Frederick W. Taylor ______ developed a hierarchy of needs - Abraham Maslow ______ developed the general theory of human motivation - Douglas Mcgregor? Max Weber argued that is a bureaucratic structure is to function efficiently, it must have the following elements except - experimentation (has rulification and routinization, division of labor, hierarchy of authority) An organization's committing such resources as funds, personnel/labor, and equipment toward accomplishing a goal or mission - inputs Maslow believed that people's basic and primary needs or drives are physiological (survival), safety or security, social, ego (self-esteem), and - actualization An effort to determine the fit between the organization's characteristics and its tasks and the motivations of individuals is referred to as the _____ theory - contingency The unity of command is the principle holding that only one person should be in command or control of a situation or an employee - true According to Robert Katz, there are three essential skills that leaders should possess: technical, human, and conceptual - true In preparing for the workforce of the future, it is important that administrators be prepared for the demographic of workers referred to as Generation X , or Gen Xers (those born between 1945 and 1964)
- false (gen Y/millenials) The Gen Y police officer or prison correction officer should be trained to fit the traditional "correct" attitude and ways of behaving at the worksite. There is no need for administrators to make training interactive and entertaining. - False
Departmental policies and state laws must be obeyed during a vehicle pursuit - true The DOJ is allowed to sue a police agency if there is a pattern and practice of using excessive force and/or violating a person's civil rights - true ______ activity is the strongest predictor of use of force. - Arrest Citizen review boards are implemented in all police agencies to provide transparency to the citizens - false Officers must pursue vehicles that speed away during a vehicular stop - false Abuse of authority can be done through verbal abuse and violations of civil rights - true When a police agency develops a wellness and safety plan to address a problem or issue that has emerged, this is known as a _____ approach - reactive The demeanor one finds displayed in the courts is referred to as decor - false (decorum) In the adversarial system of justice, the incentive to win is minimized - false The great majority of the nation's judicial business occurs at the federal level - false At the lowest level of state courts are trial courts of limited jurisdiction, also known as inferior courts or lower courts - true The Supreme Court uses the rule of six to decide whether or not to grant certiotari. - false (four) When the SC declines to hear a case, the decision of the lower court stands as the final word on the case. - true The director of the Administrative Office of the US Courts prepares the system's annual budgets, argues for additional judgeships, or proposes changes in court rules. - true Courts of last resort are usually referred to as the state supreme courts -
true The US SC, formed in 1788, is composed of nine justices: one chief justice and eight associate justices
- true To alleviate the caseload burden on courts of last resort, state officials in 40 states have responded by creating - intermediate courts of appeals Federal judges serve ___ term on the bench - a life Today's court administrators perform all but which of the following duties: assigning cases personnel admin research and evaluation preparing reports - assigning cases Elements of the jury system that involve court admin include all except jury selection jury decisions jury sequestration dealing with notorious cases - jury decisions court clerks have traditionally compete with judges for control over local judicial admin - true non partisan elections are those where there is no party affiliations listed on the ballot - true judges must also enforce courtroom ______, a courtroom environment where litigant and all other court actors conduct themselves appropriately so that all parties are afforded a fair opportunity to present their case - civility the ABA adopted a model code of Judicial _____ that provides written standards for ethical conduct of judges - conduct the _____ office of the US courts coordinates and administers the operations of the federal courts - adminstrative judges, litigants, and court actors conducting themselves appropriately is referred to as - courtroom civility
problem solving courts rely on the active use of judicial authority to change the behavior of the litigants
- true given the negative psychological effects of many forms of long term supermax confinement, some researchers believe - all such facilities must implement the best and most human of the available practices, and strict time limits should be placed on the length of time that prisoners are housed in supermaxes Cruz v Beto, a SC decision involving the right of inmates to exercise their religious beliefs involved - a buddhist who was not allowed to use the prison chapel and was placed in solitary confinement for sharing his religious material with other prisoners In bell v wolfish, the SC found searches of inmates body cavities to be - proper, saying such practices were reasonable responses to legitimate security concerns Today, prisoners must be given all but which of the following due process rights - must be given them all the state org that oversees all of the prisons is often termed the - central office the prison litigation reform act was enacted in an attempt to - decrease frivolous lawsuits brought by inmates correctional organizations have two related management subsystems: one that is concerned with delivering correctional services inmates, the other with managing employees - true supermax inmates rarely leave their cells; in most, an hour a day of out of cell time is the norm - true female inmates living in a high security unit have been found to experience claustrophobia, chronic rage reactions, depression, hallucinatory symptoms, withdrawal, and apathy - true bounds v smith said that prisoners have a const. right to adequate law libraries or assistance from persons trained in the law - true where a court places an offender on supervision in the community - probation where an offender is conditionally released from prison - parole an action filed by a party or attorney who is aware that it is without merit - frivolous lawsuits
prison programs intended to provide productive work - prison industries deputy wardens for admin typically manage the business office, prison maintenance, laundry, food service, medical services ,prison farms, and the issuance of clothing - true In certain situations, a rationale for discriminating on the basis of a business necessity is referred to as - bona fide occupational qualifier (BFOQ) The FLSA was enacted in 1983 to establish minimum wages and require overtime compensation - in the public sector All forms of workplace harassment that are violations of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and other federal laws include unwelcomed verbal and/or physical conduct based on all of the following, except: - chosen domicile the FMLA provisions entitle eligible employees to take up to ___ weeks of unpaid, job protected leave in a ____ month period - 12, 12 ADA of 1990 applies to all of the following except - the FBI the pregnancy discrimination act only req that an employer not treat pregnancy diff from any other temp. medical condition - true the FMLA applies to all public agencies, including state, local, local schools, and private sector employers with 75 or more employees - false Title ____ of the civil rights act establishes a federal policy req fair employment practices in both the public and private sectors - VII According to the text, a person has a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act if he or she has a mental or physical impairment that substantially limits a(n) ________ life activity, such as walking, talking, breathing, sitting, standing, or learning. - major Legislation mandating due process rights for peace officers who are the subject of internal investigations that could lead to disciplinary action is known as the ________ Officer's Billof Rights. - peace during the first 8 or 9 months of the budget year, the prudent administrator will normally attempt to manage the budget -
harassment verbal abuse - excessive force which is not a category of complaint disposition not sustained closed sustained founded - founded in the final level of the grievance procedure, the neutral, outside person who conducts a hearing to conclude the grievance is an - arbitrator Negligence arises when a criminal justice employee's conduct - creates a danger to others Title 42, USC Section 1983, was initially enacted as the - KKK Act, 1871 Section 1983 lawsuits allege that criminal justice employees acted - under color of law the doctrine of respondent superior means - let the master answer proximate cause is established by asking - "but for the officer's conduct, would the plaintiff have sustained the injury or damage?" the most infamous strike by police occurred - in boston in 1919 three major forms of impasse resolution during collective bargaining are - mediation, fact-finding, arbitration which of the following is not a type of job action work speedup mediation work stoppage vote of confidence - mediation courts have said that police officers have a duty of care to persons in their custody: keeping detainees free from harm, rendering medical assistance when necessary - true the standard often used by courts to determine liability of corrections personnel is whether an act or failure to act created an unusual risk to an inmate -
true
