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CSET Multiple Subject Subtest 2
Fraction to Decimal Correct Ans - 2/4=1/2=0. Percent to a fraction Correct Ans - 12% = 12/ Fractions with Common Denominator Correct Ans - 2/3 x 3/4 x 1/2 = 16/24, 18/24/, 12/ Fraction on a Number Line Correct Ans - 11/16 (Please excuse my dear aunt sally) Distributive Property Correct Ans - A( B + C) Commutitive Property Correct Ans - A + B = B + A Associative Property Correct Ans - A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C A Perfect square Correct Ans - Square Root of 144 is 12 Additive Inverse Property Correct Ans - 4 + -4 = 0 Multiplicitive Inverse Property Correct Ans - 4 x 1/4 = 1 Function Correct Ans - Function w/out exponent generally produces a straight line (Stem Line). Function with exponent generally produces a curved line Slope Formula Correct Ans - y=mx+b rise/run or change in y over change in x Factoring Equations Correct Ans - (3x + 3y + z) + 2 ( x+y+z) = 5 (x + y + z) Slope Formula 2 Correct Ans - y2-y1/x2-x Y Intercept Correct Ans - the point where the line crosses the y axis the value for y when x=0. Ratio Correct Ans - A comparison of two quantities. 2 choc. chips/every 4 oatmeal cookies Ratios Cont. Correct Ans - When we know two rations are proportionate, and we have 3 of 4 quantities, we can solve for the 4th using cross multiplication. Ex. Alicia is using a garden hose to fill a pool. For every 2 min = 3 in of water. How long if she wants 2 ft depth? 2/3 = x/21 = 3x = 42. X = 14 min.
Parabola Formula Correct Ans - The U-shaped graph of a quadratic function Parabula Formula Inequalities Correct Ans - a mathematical sentence involving <, >, or = plus < or >. Solve: 5. -3x - When graphing inequalities, begin by graphing the line then determine the shading (+ up, - down). Solve for systems of equations and quadratic equations Correct Ans - Eliminate one of the variables and solve for x and y. 2x + y = 3 3x + 2y = 9 x = -3 & plug in to find Y. Y= 9. Factoring Correct Ans - Rewriting an expression as the product of its factors measurement Correct Ans - Kilometer- 1,000 meters Hectometer- 100 meters Decameter- 10 meters decimeter- 1/10 meters centimeters- 1/100 meters millimeters- 1/1000 meters supplementary angles Correct Ans - Two angles whose sum is 180 degrees complimentary angles Correct Ans - Angles whose measure adds up to 90 degrees. acute angle Correct Ans - an angle that measures less than 90 degrees obtuse angle Correct Ans - An angle that measures more than 90 degrees but less than 180 degrees right angle Correct Ans - an angle that measures 90 degrees Parallel Lines Correct Ans - lines in the same plane that never intersect Equilateral Triangle Correct Ans - A triangle with three congruent sides Area of a Circle Circumference of a Circle Correct Ans - A=πr² Area = pi r^ Circumference= 2 pi r Area of a Triangle Perimeter of a Triangle Correct Ans - A=1/2bh Sum of all Sides
Ex. A school lunch must includ (Fruit, Entree, dessert). How many different lunches can be created using the items below? Permutations Correct Ans - Involve an arrangement in which order IS significant. Ex. How many ways can people be ordered in a line? Ex. How many ways can people be ranked in a contest? Ex. In how many unique orders can 5 horses finish a race? Collecting & Representing Data Correct Ans - Survey: A sampling of facts, figures or opinions used to approximate something about a population. Random: Sporadic survey. Representative: Enough people to represent a certain population. Bias: Surveys not truly random or representative. Skewed Bias: Ex. 2,000 people asked at a mall Mon-Fri between 8am and 5pm if they work in education. Limited & Skewed: same as skewed, but asking only 2-5 people. Measures of Central Tendancies Correct Ans - Mean: Add values and divide by # of values Median: Middle # or 2 middle #s in order. Mode: Which value occurs the most/frequently. Outliers: Inconsistency of members distributed. Use Median to solve. NGSS Scientific Method` Correct Ans - 1. State the problem
- Form Hypothesis
- Experiment and Observe
- Interpret Data
- Draw Conclusions Matter Correct Ans - Anything that has mass & takes up space Law of Conservation Correct Ans - Matter cannot be created/destroys. It simply changes forms Element Correct Ans - A substance that cannot e separated into simpler substances by chemical means. Atom Correct Ans - Smallest unit of an element that still has the properties of that element. Composed of 3 Subatomic particles: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons Protons Correct Ans - Have a positive charge Located inside the Nucleus Mass = 1 AMU (Atomic Mass Unit). Neutrons Correct Ans - Have a Neutral Charge Located inside the Nucleus Mass = 1 AMU
Electrons Correct Ans - Have a Negative Charge Orbits around the Nucleus Mass = Appx 1/1836th AMU Balanced Atom Correct Ans - Same # of Protons & Electrons Imbalanced Atom Correct Ans - Ions can be + or - Ex. If more Negative people are in a room, the room has a negative vibe. If more negative particles are in an Atom, it becomes a negative. Isotope Correct Ans - If Atom has different # of Neutrons than its normal amount. Atomic Mass Correct Ans - The amount of matter that makes up an Atom Atomic # Correct Ans - The # of Protons an Atom has. Radioactive Decay Correct Ans - Most Isotopes decay back into their normal forms over time. The time required for 1/2 the atoms of a particular substance to disintegrate is known as that substance's "Half-Life," or 5400 years. The rate of decay slows down after 5400 years. Periodic Table Correct Ans - Atomic Properties: Organized by Rows Atomic # increases as you go RIGHT/DOWN. Chemical Properties: Loosely arranged in columns. Compound Correct Ans - Two or more elements combined Bond Correct Ans - Within Compounds, the Atoms that make up molecules, are held together by Bonds (The glue that holds them together- like "Denture Bond). Two Types: Ionic: 1 Atom loses an electron to form a + Ion, the other gains electron to form - Ion, creating electrostatic force which holds them together ( Chasing to get it back) Covalent: Bond formed when Atoms share 1 + electrons (when both won't let go). Chemical Change Correct Ans - Chemical composition is altered. Catalyst Correct Ans - Something that starts a chemical reaction Mixture Correct Ans - Material that can be separated by physical means into 2+ substances. Solution Correct Ans - Homogeneous mixture which 1 solution dissolves into another. Suspension Correct Ans - Small particles are kept dispersed by agitation/molecular motion in surrounding medium. Ex. Muddy water in river. In river= mixed. NOt moving (agitations) = separated.
Oil, Coal, Natural Gas Natural Resource Correct Ans - Any natural material that is used by humans Albert Einstein's Theory of Relativity Correct Ans - Space and Time are relative, not absolute Quantum Theory Correct Ans - Matter and Energy have the properties of both particles and waves. Electromagnitism Correct Ans - The relationship between electricity and magnetism. How can electricity be used to generate a light bulb? Correct Ans - 1. Something spins a generator
- As magnet rotates inside, it causes electrons to build up (a charge) &Electrons want to go ground out.
- The copper metal wire acts as a conductor, leading the electrons toward other Atoms.
- Passes through a lightbulb. Flip the switch, close the circuit. Electrons travel through into the lightbulb.
- Inside LB, is a Fillament, often made of a metal that provides more resistance, making it harder for Electrons to pass.
- Electrons push. As they do there is Friction. Heat is created, which glows the LB.
- The 2nd Conductor is a cooling conductor. It circulates and begins process again. Temperature Correct Ans - A measure of the average energy of motion of the particles of a substance. Faster = more heat. Thermal Energy Correct Ans - The total potential and kinetic energy of the particles in an object. Ex. A bathtub at 90F has more Thermal Energy than a cup of tea at 120F. Conduction Correct Ans - The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. Convection Correct Ans - The transfer of thermal energy by the circulation or movement of a liquid or gas Radiation Correct Ans - Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles. Light Waves Correct Ans - Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV) Rays that come from a light source. (Ex: visible light-ROYGBIV) Radio Waves Correct Ans - Electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and lowest frequencies
Infrared Waves Correct Ans - second on the electromagnetic spectrum going from lowest to highest frequency. can be felt as heat Ultraviolet Waves Correct Ans - have frequencies slightly higher than visible light; can damage skin Reflection Correct Ans - The bouncing back of a wave after it hits a surface Refraction Correct Ans - The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another Greenhouse Affect Correct Ans - The ability of Earth's atmosphere to hold and reuse energy close to the Earth's surface Gases get trapped in our atmosphere and warm the earth Sound Waves Correct Ans - a longitudinal wave consisting of compressions and rarefactions, which travels through a medium Ex. Car with loud Radio When it is still, wavelengths are far apart. When it is moving, wavelengths crests are shorter and closer together. Simple Machines Correct Ans - The six simple machines are lever, pulley, wheel and axle, inclined plane, wedge, and screw. Characteristics of living things Correct Ans - reproduce, grow, respond, cells, DNA, energy (Home Organizations, Meet to Grow, Activate, Reach out, React, Rescue to Save). Homeostasis: Warm/Cold blooded Organization: Structure of life Metabolism: How to harness energy Growth: Mitosis Adaptation: Environment Response to Stimuli: Reaction Reproduction: Sexually/A-Sexually Animal Cells Correct Ans - Nucleus, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cytoplasm, Cell Membrane. (Natural Monkeys Run when too Close to Comfort). Plant Cells Correct Ans - 1) have cell wall 2) have chlorophyll/chloroplasts
- large central vacuole Cell Division Correct Ans - Process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells 4 Phases of Mitosis Correct Ans - 1. Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase *Diploid Cells: Capable of splittling
Secondary Consumer: Snakes, Lizards Tertiary Consumer: Hawks, Eagles Decomposer: Fungi, Bacteria types of relationships between organisms Correct Ans - Mutualism: Both members benefit Parasitism: One member benefits, the other is harmed (Tick/Tapeworm) Commensalism: One member benefits, the other is unaffected (Little fish under big shark) Predation: Non-Symbiotic Relationship in which a predator hunts and preys. Osmosis Correct Ans - Causes salt to move across a permeable membrane from an area of greater salinity- to an area of lesser salinity. Ex. Blue dye into glass of water with white flower. 24 hrs later = Wilter light blue flower. *This is the same reason why Humans can't drink salt water. Lunar Phases Correct Ans - The different appearances of the moon from Earth throughout the month. New Moon, Waxing Crescent, Quarter Moon, Waxing Gibbous, Full Moon, Waning Gibbous, Quarter Moon, Waxing Crescent. Tides Correct Ans - the regular rise and fall of the ocean's surface influenced by the moon's gravity pulling on earth. When moon & Sun are in alignment = more extreme tides, Spring Tides. When moon & sun are pulling at Perpendicular Angles = less extreme tides, Neap Tides. Life cycle of a Star Correct Ans - The Solar System Correct Ans - Consist of the sun, moon, 8 planets and their moon, meteors, asteroids, and comets The Milky Way Correct Ans - Our solar system. ~100,000 million stars Spiral shape, with arms extending out from the center Layers of the Earth Correct Ans - crust, mantle, outer core, inner core Weathering Correct Ans - The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface. Landforms Correct Ans - Features that make up the earth's surface such as a plain, mountain, or valley. The Rock Cycle Correct Ans - Rocks are placed into groups according to how they form (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) Plate Tectonics Correct Ans - theory that crustal plates on surface are in motion
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move. Plate Movements Correct Ans - Divergent: Move away each other Convergent: Move towards each other Transform: Move against each other Water Cycle Correct Ans - Weather Systems Correct Ans - Pressure: High/ Low High-Fair weather Low-storms Barameter measures these pressures Bodies of Water Correct Ans - Oceans, Seas, Lakes, Rivers, Gulfs, Bay, Lagoon, Strait, Waterfall. 6 Kingdoms Cell Classification Correct Ans - Archea, Eubacteria, Proteista, Plantae, Fungi, Animalea. Archea & Eubacteria Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Include ALL Prokaryotes (Bacteria). Also include Cyanobacterium (Blue-Green Algea). Protista Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes ALL single celled Eukaryotes (Bacteria & BG Algea). Have fully functional organ system and can get their energy through photosynthesis. Fungi Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain nutrition through absorption. Include mushrooms. Plantae Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain energy through photosynthesis. Have thicker cell walls. Animalae Kingdom Cell Classification Correct Ans - Includes multi-celled Eukaryotes. Gain nutrition through ingestion. Most are mobile at some point of existence. Bacteria Correct Ans - Single-Celled organisms. Found everywhere in environment. The earliest organisms to develop. -Live on dead animals -helps humans
- parasites- are harmful to organisms. Viruses Correct Ans - Lifeless until inside a living cell. Are a Parasite and are a constant challenge in fighting off infectious diseases. Plants Correct Ans - Angiosperms- Flowers and Leaves Gymnosperm- No flower, but needles Human Biology Correct Ans - -23 Pairs of Chromosomes
