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The samurai tradition of feudal Japan most closely resembled which of the following features of medieval Europe? A) the code of chivalry of European knights B) the philosophical tradition of scholastic philosophers C) the monastic vows of European monks D) the guild system of European merchants ANSWER V Vv A) the code of chivalry of European knights The Catholic Church most influenced which of the following developments in medieval Europe? A) the settlement of new lands B) the revival of trade C) the emergence of universities D) the growth of towns ANSWER VV C) the emergence of universities Which of the following best describes a shared aim of the voyages of exploration commanded by John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Henry Hudson? A) to control the North American fur trade B) to discover a westward route to Asia C) to establish bases for the destruction of Spanish shipping D) to convert American Indians to Christianity ANSWER V V B) to discover a westward route to Asia In which of the following ways did geographic factors have an important influence on the development of Inca civilization between the eleventh and fifteenth centuries C.L’. (A.D.)? A) The dispersal of population within the Inca Empire made il necessary to employ a highly decentralized form of government that gave considerable autonomy to local regions. B) The mountains of western South America were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies. C) The danger of tropical storms to Inca fishing and agriculture prompted the systematic application of meteorological observations, data collection, and predictions. D) The existence of numerous rivers enabled Inca rulers to collect natural resources from the interior and trade them throughout the hemisphere. ANSWER V V B) The mountains of western South America were an impediment to building an empire, prompting the development of sophisticated engineering technologies. Which line in the table below best matches an American colony with a major motive for the establishment of that colony? 1) Virginia / to establish a haven for religious and political dissenters 2) Massachusetts Bay / to create a Bible commonwealth 3) Georgia / to provide land for settlers from Virginia and Barbados 4) Pennsylvania / to supply Britain with timber and iron A) Linel B) Line 2 C) Line 3 D) Line4 ANSWER VV B) Line 2 Which of the following was most responsible for the development of a national market in the United States during the late nineteenth century? A) the expansion of the railroad and telegraph network B) the growth of the iron and steel industry C) the formation of the Interstate Commerce Commission D) the inercased mobility of the industrial labor foree ANSWER V V A) the expansion of the railroad and telegraph network Which of the following best describes a shared function of the mission, the presidio, and the pueblo in early California history? A) to maintain social order B) to transmit cultural values C) to promote trade D) to convert non-Christians ANSWER V J A) to maintain social order On the eve of European colonization, most of California's American Indians belonged to: A) pastoral societies in which people domesticated herd animals for food and clothing. B) horticultural societies in which people cultivated a variety of crops for consumption and exchange. C) handicraft societies in which artisans produced a wide range of trade goods. D) hunting and gathering societies in which people fished, hunted, and harvested wild plants. ANSWER VV D) hunting and gathering societies in which people fished, hunted, and harvested wild plants. Which of the following best describes an important development in California society during the era of Mexican rule (1821-1848)? A) The decline of the ranchero class opened up new opportunilics for poorer sctilers. B) Growing criticism of the mission system prompted efforts to transfer mission holdings into private hands. C) The creation of an effective judicial system reduced conflict among settlers. D) The collapse of commercial relations with foreign states undermined the economy. ANSWER VV B) Growing criticism of the mission system prompted efforts to transfer mission holdings into private hands. As a result of the Mexican War of the 1840s, California became a territory of the United States. Which of the following was the immediate cause of the war? A) commercial rivalry between the United States and Mexico B) Mexican opposition to U.S. efforts to acquire the Oregon Territory C) a boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico D) U.S. opposition to Mexican expansionism on the Pacific Coast ANSWER VV C)a boundary dispute between the United States and Mexico Which of the following acts established the basis for a substantial increase in the Asian population of California? A) Displaced Persons Act of 1948 B) Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 C) Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962 D) Immigration Reform Act of 1965 ANSWER V ¥ D) Immigration Reform Act of 1965 3) aircraft industry / World War II 4) computer industry / postwar economic boom, 1945-1960 A) Line | B) Line 2 C) Line 3 D) Line 4 ANSWER VV C) Line 3 It used to be said thal, "The sun never sels on the British Empire." The most accurate interpretation of this saying is: A) The British military never sleeps B) The Greenwich Meridian is central to the worlds time-keeping system C) British rule will never end D) Britain rules lands all around the globe ANSWER V ¥ D) Britain rules lands all around the globe The first 10 amendments to the Constitution of the United States are often referred to as the Bill of Rights. This is because: A) they are focused on individual rights B) they set forth the laws of the country C) they list the rights and responsibilities of citizenship D) they are more right than the rest of the Constitution is ANSWER VV A) they are focused on individual rights The efforts of archaeologists to advance understanding of prehistory are based mainly on which of the following assumptions about ancient peoples and cultures? A) Humans share a common ancestry with other primates. B) Language enables people to transmit culture from generation to generation. C) Material remains reflect important aspects of human behavior. D) Most people rely on myth and legend to answer questions about themselves. ANSWER JV ¥ C) Material remains reflect important aspects of human behavior. Which of the following best describes the main function of monumental architecture in carly Mesopotamia and ancient coastal Peru? A) to serve as fortresses for the protection of frontier areas B) to provide a site for the performance of religious rituals C) to serve as a place of assembly for major civic functions D) to provide for the storage of grain and other foods ANSWER V V B) to provide a site for the performance of religious rituals The main source of wealth and power among the empires of West Africa between A.D. 400 and 1500 was control of: A) the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade. B) major coastal ports. C) regional building materials and energy sources. D) major ceremonial centers. ANSWER VV A) the trans-Saharan salt and gold trade. Which of the following was the most frequent source of conflict between church and state in Europe throughout the Middle Ages? B) a decline in the average number of children in working-class families C)a division for families between home life and work life D)a decline in the number of children working outside the household ANSWER VV C)a division for families between home life and work life Which of the following played a major role in the spread of both communist and fascist ideologics in Europe betweenWorld War I and World War II? A) the territorial provisions of the Treaty of Versailles B) the growth of capitalism in many parts of the continent C) the military policics of the League of Nations D) the economic devastation caused by the Great Depression ANSWER VV D) the economic devastation caused by the Great Depression Which of the following had the greatest influence on the outcome of World War II in Europe? A) the productive capacity of U.S. factories B) the military experience of Allied general officers C) the economic resources of the British Empire D) the strategic errors of the German high command ANSWER VV A) the productive capacity of U.S. factories Which of the following most influenced nation-building efforts on the Indian subcontinent during the decade after the establishment of Indian independence in 1947? A) religious differences between Ilindus and Muslims B) U.S.-Soviet competition in the region C) shortages of raw materials needed for industrial development D) policies of the United Nations in the region ANSWER V V A) religious differences between Hindus and Muslims Which of the following most influenced the emergence of a global economy during the final quarter of the twentieth century? A) changing patterns of international population movement B) advances in information technology C) changes in the international distribution of income D) increases in worker productivity ANSWER V V B) advances in information technology Which of the following mapmaking problems best explains why it is impossible to accurately portray the earth on a map? A) the problem of choosing the map projection most appropriate to the needs of the map B) the problem of depicting sufficient detail within the limited confines of a map C) the problem of identifying the best map scale for displaying data accurately D) the problem of correctly representing the earth's curved surface on a flat piece of paper ANSWER VV D) the problem of correctly representing the earth's curved surface on a flat piece of paper In which of the following ways did urbanization in twentieth-century Latin America differ most from the earlier experience of Western Europe? A) There were concerted cfforts to coordinate development between urban and rural arcas in Latin America. B) Demographic growth preceded economic development in many Latin American cities. D) the role of volume in communicating information ANSWER V V A) the basic principles of phrase structure (e.g., the subject-predicate structure of sentences) Which of the following statements best explains how knowing a language that is historically related to English (e.g., German, French, Spanish) can facilitate an individual's acquisition of English as a second language? A) Many words and roots are likely to have similar spellings and meanings in English and in the individual's first language. B) English prefixes and suffixes are likely to resemble the affixes used in the individual's first language. C) The most frequently occurring speech sounds in English and in the individual's first language are likely to be the same. D) Social conventions relating to language use are likely to be similar in English and in the individual's first language. ANSWER VV A) Many words and roots are likely to have similar spellings and meanings in English and in the individual's first language. According to current research, reading difficulties that are not the result of limited intelligence or lack of educational opportunity are most often caused by: A) poorly developed visual discrimination skills. B) a deficit in phonological processing. C) poorly developed oral language abilitics. D)a lack of motivation. ANSWER V V B) a deficit in phonological processing. An extensive oral vocabulary is most likely to contribute to a reader's decoding skills by helping the reader: AA) apply phonics generalizations to sound out a word. B) use syntactic cues to determine the meaning of an unfamiliar word. C) relate an unfamiliar word to known words with similar spellings. D) recognize a word after sounding it out. ANSWER VV D) recognize a word after sounding it out. Which of the following phonemic awareness skills typically is easiest for children to acquire? A) identifying the initial sound in a word (e.g., /b/ in bed) B) recognizing that two words contain the same sound (e.g., thin and path) C) blending sounds together to form a spoken word (e.g., /t/ + /a/ — /p/ = tag) D) identifying a word that does not belong in a group of three spoken words (e.g., gate, game, shake) ANSWER VV A) identifying the initial sound in a word (c.g., /b/ in bed) Which of the following word identification strategies typically is most advanced? A) applying phonics knowledge B) using context clues C) recognizing sight words D) analyzing word structure ANSWER V V D) analyzing word structure According to current research, which of the following competencies best predict a child's success in Icarning to read in the primary grades? A) logical and analytical abilities B) letter knowledge and phonemic awareness C) perceptual and motor skills Increasing the rate of speech in an oral presentation would be most effective for: A) compensating for poor acoustics in a room. B) conveying a fecling of excitement. C) stating the conclusion of a logical argument. D) emphasizing an important point. ANSWER V V B) conveying a feeling of excitement. A lack of variation in rate, pitch, and rhythm is most likely to undermine the delivery of an oral presentation by: A) diminishing the presentation's emotional effect. B) interfering with the logical continuity of the presentation. C) causing some audience members to feel excluded. D) requiring the audience to attend to multiple stimuli. ANSWER VV A) diminishing the presentation's cmotional cffeel. Which of the following best describes the geographical setting in which the first civilizations of Asia and Africa emerged? A) mountainous areas where settlements could be easily defended against invasion B) river valleys where there was an abundance of fertile soil and fresh water C) inland prairies where families could subsist on food obtained from hunting and gathering activities D) elevated plateaus where there was ample grazing land for cattle and sheep ANSWER VV B) river valleys where there was an abundance of fertile soil and fresh water Hinduism most strongly influenced which of the following features of ancient Indian civilization? A) principles of economic exchange B) structure and organization of government C) relations among social groups D) methods of scientific investigation ANSWER V ¥ C) relations among social groups Use the list below to answer the question that follows. 1) Annual floods enriched lands used for farming and cattle raising. 2) Timber and iron ore deposits provided the basis for a thriving iron industry. 3) Its capital city was strategically located on major trade routes. 4) Riches from gold and emerald mines added to the kingdom's prosperity. The geographic characteristics listed above best describe which of the following ancient civilizations? A) Israel B) Phoenicia C) Kush D) Persia ANSWER VV C) Kush Which of the following best illustrates the influence of ancient Rome on the later development of European civilization? A) the art and architecture of Spain B) the legal code of France C) the educational system of Great Britain D) the literature of Germany ANSWER V V B) the legal code of France 
