Download CTEL Study Guide 2023.docx...CTEL Study Guide 2023.docx and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!
CTEL Study Guide 2023
Which of the following is an example of language acquisition from a behaviorist perspective? - correct answer Behaviorist believe the environment shapes language development. They do not place emphasis on a natural ability to learn language. Timmy is a one-year old who has started trying to say short words. The following is NOT an aspect of Timmy's acquisition of English as his first language: - correct answer Timmy does not require instruction to develop the language.Timmy's language acquisition process does not involve a conscious effort on his part, but rather it is instinctive. What is the difference between SDAIE and ELD? - correct answer The difference between the SDAIE and ELD models is the instructional focus. The SDAIE model focuses on content knowledge, and English language proficiency is secondary. The ELD model focuses on English language development, and content knowledge is secondary. In which instance is negative language transfer likely to occur? - correct answer In Chinese, the sentence structure follows the subject-verb-object model, and in English, sentences follow the same subject-verb-object model. Korean speakers may substitute the 'v' sound for something they can pronounce with more ease because 'v' does not exist in their language. For example, 'ver' might be pronounced as 'bery'. Anne's students often pronounce some words wrong. To help students correct this, Anne can teach students how to: - correct answer request for clarification Self-monitoring is a great skill for students to practice. Anne can give her students the right pronunciation of specific words and get students to make a note about it so they always remember to check on themselves when they use the words they tend to mispronounce. You are the ELL teacher, and you are sitting with ELL students in the classroom while they are attending a math class taught by another teacher. One of the names
for this model is: - correct answer ESOL Sheltered Instruction Model This is the ESOL Embedded in the Classroom Model, also known as the ESL Class Period Model, which involves having a teacher of English learners working along with a subject content teacher. The following is the most effective ESOL model according to research: - correct answer Embedded in the Classroom Model The effectiveness of different ESOL models is a matter that linguists still discuss with no definite answers. Some linguists believe that a combination of ESOL models can be effective depending on various circumstances. Why are previous academic achievements NOT always a good indicator of successful English language acquisition? Because previous achievements can't be transferred Because some students have no previous achievements Because students can't rely on past accomplishments Because students learn at different speeds - correct answer Because students learn at different speeds Previous achievements in other languages may not reflect a student's ability to learn English. Not everyone learns at the same speed and previous academic achievements, especially in languages other than English, may not reflect how long it takes the student to acquire the language. Political factors such as school culture, community attitudes, etc. can influence language development. How can teachers of English learners help students despite these factors? Teachers cannot do anything. Teachers can use an approach that breaks the patterns. Teachers can learn students' mother tongue. - correct answer Teachers can use an approach that breaks the patterns. While political factors pertain to society as a whole, teachers can use an approach that breaks the patterns imposed by those factors.
Vanessa says, 'Last weekend I go to a store with my family' as students talk about where they went last weekend. The teacher should _____. correct the verb tense straightaway encourage the student to tell about the store she went to ask another student so Vanessa can hear the right verb tense write 'went' on the board for all students to use it - correct answer encourage the student to tell about the store she went to What is typically the strongest factor in second language development? Learning styles Age Home language Motivation - correct answer Motivation Motivation is one of the strongest factors that affects second language development. What is the main component of phonology that phonologists use to predict how speech sounds will change? Phonological rules Phonological syntax Phonetics rules None of the answers are correct - correct answer Phonological Rules The main component of phonology is phonological rules. Rules are the way phonologists predict how a speech sound will change depending on its position in various speech environments. Where does a diphthong occur? Within a single word, regardless of the number of syllables in the word Within a single syllable sound Within two consecutive syllables Within a full sentence - correct answer Within a single syllable sound
Diphthongs must happen inside a single syllable; there are two separate vowel sounds within that same syllable. The word 'diphthong' is derived from a Greek word meaning what? Vowel enhancement Syllable idea Speaking melodically Having two sounds - correct answer Having two sounds The word refers to the two different sounds that vowels make within a single syllable. Which vocal quality can be adjusted in ways similar to a radio? Volume Tone Pitch Fluency - correct answer Volume Our volume works just like the volume on a radio. We can increase the volume when needed or lower it when it is not necessary. Sally handed out a survey after a recent speech. Several respondents indicated that her articulation was not very good. Evaluate the activities listed below and indicate the one most likely to help Sally overcome this problem. Practice tongue twisters Sing in the shower Speak slower Solve riddles - correct answer Practice tongue twisters Using tongue twisters as a tool to practice will help with how clearly you speak. The suffix that means more is _____. er
Adalie tells the teacher the sound in French is 'u'. Luckily, it is the same in English. Now, the teacher can: Ask Adalie to forget about French and focus on English. Use French as a resource when appropriate. Get the student to pronounce as in French at all times to then correct her. Give the student auditory discrimination activities. - correct answer Use French as a resource when appropriate. As a teacher, you can promote phonemic development if you use the strengths your ELLs have from their primary language. This works with sounds students have in their mother tongue, which can be transferred into English. Which of the following consonant blends is considered a silent consonant blend? str gl pp mb - correct answer mb The combination of mb is a silent two-letter consonant blend because the m is pronounced, while the b is not pronounced. For example, mb is used to create the word dumb. When students learn how to read or speak the word 'question,' what are they demonstrating? Deep knowledge of morphology Awareness of sound-symbol codes Fluency of expression Love for learning English - correct answer Awareness of sound-symbol codes Reading and speaking English fluently involves learning sound-symbol codes, or how sounds get read in order to produce meaning.
A teacher who assists an English language learner to understand syntax by means of comparing the student's home language with English is using the following approach: Bilingual teaching Home language interference Previous knowledge Contrastive analysis - correct answer Contrastive analysis In 'contrastive analysis,' language teachers help their learners in making a comparison between their home language and the language they are learning so they realize the differences. A California teacher of ELLs finds an article that is great for teaching the subject+verb+predicate sentence structure. Which of the following examples would easily illustrate for students the sentence structure? I love my pets and would love to be able to walk them on a daily basis. I love my pets. Since I love my pets, I try to walk them every day. My pets are certainly loved by me so I try to walk them every day. - correct answer I love my pets. In order to locate texts that help your students learn syntax, you should always look for appropriate grade-level texts that, in addition, have evident examples of the syntax you want to teach. 5 Which type of sentence might have an implied subject? imperative declarative exclamatory period interrogative - correct answer imperative
Subject-verb agreement usually gets trickier as sentences expand into more complex structures. - correct answer The thought of all the home repairs we need after the bathrooms flooded are daunting. In the incorrect sentence, 'thought' is the singular subject and the verb should be the singular form 'is' instead of the plural form 'are.' Which of the following indicates that a verb should be singular? The subject is plural. The subject is singular. There is a direct object in the sentence. There is an indirect object in the sentence. - correct answer The subject is singular. Your subjects and verbs always have to agree with each other. Plural subjects should be matched to plural verbs and vice-versa. Which one of the following parts of speech is used to interrupt flow in a sentence? conjunction interjection pronoun adverb - correct answer interjection Frequently found with exclamation points, interjections (i.e. 'Wow!') are supposed to interrupt the flow of a sentence to express emotion, making them grammatically unrelated to any other part of speech. Which pair is an example of homographs? Cheap, expensive Beautiful, wonderful Plate, plait Lie (untruth) - lie (lie down) - correct answer Lie (untruth) - lie (lie down)
Homographs are words that sound alike or different but have the same spelling and different meanings: 'tear' (in the eye) and 'tear' (rip). Which is an example of an imperative sentence? The golden snitch was chased by an anxious Harry Potter. The golden snitch was caught! Go fight the Dark Lord. How does Harry find the deathly hallows? - correct answer Go fight the Dark Lord. This is an imperative sentence because it is a command. It tells the reader to do an action. Juan used the grammatical structure of the sentence to figure out that the word he didn't understand was a verb. What type of context clue did he use? syntactic context semantic context language ambiguities language differences - correct answer syntactic context What do you call clues that help you figure out the definition of an unfamiliar word in a sentence through the actual meanings of other words in the same sentence? language ambiguities syntactic clues multiple meanings semantic clues - correct answer semantic clues Which region is known for being the standard language of American English? Eastern New England South
intermediate advanced beginner fully fluent - correct answer beginner When it comes to social language, beginners can understand and use simple everyday expressions to introduce themselves, ask and answer questions about locations, people, and ownership of things. According to Robert Marzano, the first step in introducing a new academic vocabulary word is: Draw a picture and have kids guess Play a guessing game Make connections to other similar words Define the word and give examples - correct answer Define the word and give examples Ana and Carlos are English learners. Despite the fact that they are classmates at the same level and with similar background, their language varies probably when writing and speaking due to this factor: age context culture gender - correct answer gender Gender influences the expressions, word choice, intonation, and tone in the language. What is defined as the study of language and how it is affected by region, social class, relationship, and even gender? morphology phonology historical linguistics
descriptive linguistics sociolinguistics - correct answer sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is the study of language and how it is affected by region, social class, relationship, and even gender - in other words, how language varies from person to person and culture to culture. What is another word with a similar meaning to discourse? Communication Syntax Linguistics Analysis - correct answer Communication Discourse refers to the many different ways we communicate with one another. Which of the following is an example of a communication strategy? Acquisition Explicit instruction Circumlocution Discourse - correct answer Circumlocution Circumlocution is a communication strategy where you use the words you do know to describe or talk around a word that you don't. Communication between two or three people is called ______ communication. interpersonal mass intrapersonal Social - correct answer interpersonal
The following three are key steps of ELD program evaluation: materials, assessment, and instructional practice speaking, writing, and debate materials review, correction, and implementation materials, standardized tests, and quizzes - correct answer review, correction, and implementation The three basic steps of program evaluation include review of deficiencies, proposals to correct such deficiencies, and implementation of modifications. Each of these steps apply to materials, assessments, and instructional practices, which are components of an ELD program. The evaluation of the skills for discourse competence in ELD programs requires this first step: teacher evaluation comparison of results with program goals analysis of program goals modification of goals for the program - correct answer comparison of results with program goals The very first step in program evaluation is to determine if the data the school has is satisfactory or not regarding discourse competence AND to contrast such existing results with the goals of the program. As part of developing the writing skills aspect of discourse competence in an ELD program, teachers would ideally modify their instruction to: explicitly teach writing techniques get students to write as much as possible give more writing assessments focus on writing activities - correct answer explicitly teach writing techniques While practice with writing develops the ability to deliver written discourse, teachers would ideally modify their instructional practice in the aspect of explicitly teaching writing techniques (e.g. how to write a conclusion).
A team in a school realizes that the assessments for their English Language Development (ELD) program do not cover sociolinguistic competence in students. The team can modify the following forms of assessment, except which one? Quizzes the teachers design Weekly homework Annual standardized tests Presentations in class - correct answer Annual standardized tests in the US are law-mandated assessments and, thus, schools have no control over them. What should an evaluating team do if an ELD program has no goals regarding language functions to evaluate? The team should issue a report stating the absence of such goals. The team should issue a report stating the ELD program is successful. The team should issue a report recommending the modification of the existing goals. The team does not need to issue a report. - correct answer The team should issue a report stating the absence of such goals. An evaluating team needs to confirm that goals include language functions. If not, they need to report that there are no such goals. Why are scores for each grade level important when evaluating an ELD program's language functions? Because overall scores can be mistaken Because individual grade level scores vary Because the evaluating team should look for good scores Because grade level scores help identify program goals - correct answer Because individual grade level scores vary What are the three stages of the design phase? results, evidence, learning plan assessment, evidence, learning plan
CELDT
Smarter Balanced math - correct answer Smarter Balanced ELA What tenet is the approach that helps teachers adjust curriculum and instruction based on results of the design and assessments? continuous improvement review of curriculum depth of learning purposefully planning - correct answer continuous improvement Ahmed is an Arab student who joins school in California. As ELD instruction supports ELA, Ahmed receives appropriate assessment to make sure what his level of English is. Ahmed also has support in language arts. As an English learner, Ahmed also needs _____. different achievement standards for ELD and ELA a teacher who translates everything into Arabic an ELD program that focuses on English language only immediate immersion in an English language skills program - correct answer immediate immersion in an English language skills program Which of the following is NOT an example of a performance-based assessment? Students retell a story by placing a series of pictures in chronological order. Students interview each other about a challenging experience in their own lives. Students write a journal entry from the perspective of a historical figure. Students complete a worksheet to match important dates with their historical events. - correct answer Students complete a worksheet to match important dates with their historical events. You have a student with limited English proficiency in your math class. Which of the following is an example of a performance-based assessment this student could use to demonstrate understanding? Asking students to look at pictures of math patterns in textbooks
Giving the student a list of mathematical word problems to solve Having students work in small groups to create a pattern and relevant acronyms Having students work in small groups to answer an essay question pertaining to math - correct answer Having students work in small groups to create a pattern and relevant acronyms You can assess your students' inferential comprehension by asking them to make _____ based on texts. connections judgements essays retellings - correct answer connections What makes a test biased? When one group's scores are predictably different compared to the results from the other test takers When one group's test scores are higher than the rest of the test takers' When all test takers score below or above average When the test takers are allowed to use books and notes to complete the test - correct answer When one group's scores are predictably different compared to the results from the other test takers Sanjay stopped taking the test when he came upon several questions with words that had different meanings and contexts to him. This is an example of: Construct bias Item bias Intelligence bias Method bias - correct answer Construct bias Which of these student activities is NOT generally required in an authentic assessment? Select the correct answer from a list Creatively apply existing knowledge
