ISSUES IN CYBER SPACE AND CYBER SECURITY
Cyber Crimes
Cybercrimes are illegal activities carried out using computers, networks, or the internet,
targeting individuals, organizations, or governments.
➢ Major Types of Cyber Crimes
1. Financial & Data-related Crimes: • Phishing – Fake emails/websites to steal sensitive
data • Scams – Online frauds (lottery, job scams) • Identity Theft – Using someone’s
personal data illegally • Cyber Extortion – Threats for money (e.g., ransomware)
2. System-based Crimes: • Hacking – Unauthorized access to systems • Malware
Attacks – Viruses, worms, trojans • Software Piracy – Illegal copying of software
3. Social Crimes: • Cyber Bullying – Harassment online • Cyber Stalking – Continuous
tracking/threatening • Social Media Frauds
4. Serious Crimes: • IPR Infringement – Violation of copyrights/patents • AI Abuse –
Deepfakes, automated scams • Drug Trafficking (Dark Web) • Child Pornography (Severe
criminal offense)
Features of Cyber Crimes
• Borderless nature
• Anonymity of criminals
• High speed and scalability
• Difficult detection and jurisdiction issues
➢ Social Issues in Cyber Space:
1. Privacy Issues: • Unauthorized collection and misuse of personal data • Data breaches
and surveillance concerns
2. Digital Divide: • Inequality in access to internet and technology • Rural vs urban gap
3. Cyber Racism & Hate Speech: • Online discrimination based on race, religion, gender
• Spread of extremist ideologies
4. Fake News & Misinformation: • Rapid spread of false information • Influences
elections and public opinion
Impact of Social Issues
• Threat to democracy
• Social unrest
• Psychological stress
• Loss of trust in digital platforms
