Cybersecurity Concepts and Practices, Exams of Nursing

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Questions

A user is attempting to navigate to a website from inside the company network using a desktop. When the user types in the URL, https://www.site.com, the user is presented with a certificate mismatch warning from the browser. The user does not receive a warning when visiting http://www.anothersite.com. Which of the following describes this attack? A. On-path B. Domain hijacking C. DNS poisoning D. Evil twin - correct answer B Which of the following tools is effective in preventing a user from accessing unauthorized removable media? A. USB data blocker B. Faraday cage C. Proximity reader D. Cable lock - correct answer A A Chief Security Officer is looking for a solution that can provide increased scalability and flexibility for back-end infrastructure, allowing it to be updated and modified without disruption to services. The security architect would like the solution selected to reduce the back-end server resources and has highlighted that session persistence is not important for the applications running on the back-end servers. Which of the following would BEST meet the requirements? A. Reverse proxy B. Automated patch management C. Snapshots D. NIC teaming - correct answer C Which of the following describes a social engineering technique that seeks to exploit a person's sense of urgency?

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A. A phishing email stating a cash settlement has been awarded but will expire soon B. A smishing message stating a package is scheduled for pickup C. A vishing call that requests a donation be made to a local charity D. A SPIM notification claiming to be undercover law enforcement investigating a cybercrime - correct answer C A security analyst is reviewing application logs to determine the source of a breach and locates the following log: https://www.comptia.com/login.php?id='%20or%20'1'1='1Which of the following has been observed? A. DLL Injection B. API attack C. SQLi D. XSS - correct answer C An audit identified PII being utilized in the development environment of a critical application. The Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) is adamant that this data must be removed; however, the developers are concerned that without real data they cannot perform functionality tests and search for specific data. Which of the following should a security professional implement to BEST satisfy both the CPO's and the development team's requirements? A. Data anonymization B. Data encryption C. Data masking D. Data tokenization - correct answer A A company is implementing a DLP solution on the file server. The file server has PII, financial information, and health information stored on it. Depending on what type of data that is hosted on the file server, the company wants different DLP rules assigned to the data. Which of the following should the company do to help accomplish this goal? A. Classify the data.

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B. Mask the data. C. Assign the application owner. D. Perform a risk analysis. - correct answer A A forensics investigator is examining a number of unauthorized payments that were reported on the company's website. Some unusual log entries show users received an email for an unwanted mailing list and clicked on a link to attempt to unsubscribe. One of the users reported the email to the phishing team, and the forwarded email revealed the link to be:Click here to unsubscribeWhich of the following will the forensics investigator MOST likely determine has occurred? A. SQL injection B. Broken authentication C. XSS D. XSRF - correct answer B A report delivered to the Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) shows that some user credentials could be exfiltrated. The report also indicates that users tend to choose the same credentials on different systems and applications. Which of the following policies should the CISO use to prevent someone from using the exfiltrated credentials? A. MFA B. Lockout C. Time-based logins D. Password history - correct answer A A company wants to simplify the certificate management process. The company has a single domain with several dozen subdomains, all of which are publicly accessible on the internet. Which of the following BEST describes the type of certificate the company should implement? A. Subject alternative name

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B. Wildcard C. Self-signed D. Domain validation - correct answer B Which of the following is an effective tool to stop or prevent the exfiltration of data from a network? A. DLP B. NIDS C. TPM D. FDE - correct answer A Several attempts have been made to pick the door lock of a secure facility. As a result, the security engineer has been assigned to implement a stronger preventative access control. Which of the following would BEST complete the engineer's assignment? A. Replacing the traditional key with an RFID key B. Installing and monitoring a camera facing the door C. Setting motion-sensing lights to illuminate the door on activity D. Surrounding the property with fencing and gates - correct answer A Which of the following can be used by a monitoring tool to compare values and detect password leaks without providing the actual credentials? A. Hashing B. Tokenization C. Masking D. Encryption - correct answer A

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A security engineer is building a file transfer solution to send files to a business partner. The users would like to drop off the files in a specific directory and have the server send the file to the business partner. The connection to the business partner is over the internet and needs to be secure. Which of the following can be used? A. S/MIME B. LDAPS C. SSH D. SRTP - correct answer C An administrator needs to protect user passwords and has been advised to hash the passwords. Which of the following BEST describes what the administrator is being advised to do? A. Perform a mathematical operation on the passwords that will convert them into unique strings. B. Add extra data to the passwords so their length is increased, making them harder to brute force. C. Store all passwords in the system in a rainbow table that has a centralized location. D. Enforce the use of one-time passwords that are changed for every login session. - correct answer A Which of the following would be indicative of a hidden audio file found inside of a piece of source code? A. Steganography B. Homomorphic encryption C. Cipher suite D. Blockchain - correct answer A A user enters a username and a password at the login screen for a web portal. A few seconds later the following message appears on the screen:Please use a combination of numbers,

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special characters, and letters in the password field.Which of the following concepts does this message describe? A. Password complexity B. Password reuse C. Password history D. Password age - correct answer A A company recently experienced an inside attack using a corporate machine that resulted in data compromise. Analysis indicated an unauthorized change to the software circumvented technological protection measures. The analyst was tasked with determining the best method to ensure the integrity of the systems remains intact and local and remote boot attestation can take place. Which of the following would provide the BEST solution? A. HIPS B. FIM C. TPM D. DLP - correct answer C Which of the following is a reason to publish files' hashes? A. To validate the integrity of the files B. To verify if the software was digitally signed C. To use the hash as a software activation key D. To use the hash as a decryption passphrase - correct answer A A security manager has tasked the security operations center with locating all web servers that respond to an unsecure protocol. Which of the following commands could an analyst run to find the requested servers? A. nslookup 10.10.10. B. nmap - p 80 10.10.10.0/

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C. pathping 10.10.10.0 - p 80 D. ne - l - p 80 - correct answer B Which biometric error would allow an unauthorized user to access a system? A. False acceptance B. False entrance C. False rejection D. False denial - correct answer A A company is auditing the manner in which its European customers' personal information is handled. Which of the following should the company consult? A. GDPR B. ISO C. NIST D. PCI DSS - correct answer A Which of the following are common VoIP-associated vulnerabilities? (Choose two.) A. SPIM B. Vishing C. Hopping D. Phishing E. Credential harvesting F. Tailgating - correct answer AB Which of the following describes the exploitation of an interactive process to gain access to restricted areas?

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A. Persistence B. Buffer overflow C. Privilege escalation D. Pharming - correct answer C An organization is planning to open other data centers to sustain operations in the event of a natural disaster. Which of the following considerations would BEST support the organization's resiliency? A. Geographic dispersal B. Generator power C. Fire suppression D. Facility automation - correct answer A A security engineer is deploying a new wireless network for a company. The company shares office space with multiple tenants. Which of the following should the engineer configure on the wireless network to ensure that confidential data is not exposed to unauthorized users? A. EAP B. TLS C. HTTPS D. AES - correct answer D The Chief Compliance Officer from a bank has approved a background check policy for all new hires. Which of the following is the policy MOST likely protecting against? A. Preventing any current employees' siblings from working at the bank to prevent nepotism B. Hiring an employee who has been convicted of theft to adhere to industry compliance C. Filtering applicants who have added false information to resumes so they appear better qualified

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D. Ensuring no new hires have worked at other banks that may be trying to steal customer information - correct answer C An engineer recently deployed a group of 100 web servers in a cloud environment. Per the security policy, all web-server ports except 443 should be disabled.Which of the following can be used to accomplish this task? A. Application allow list B. SWG C. Host-based firewall D. VPN - correct answer B A technician was dispatched to complete repairs on a server in a data center. While locating the server, the technician entered a restricted area without authorization. Which of the following security controls would BEST prevent this in the future? A. Use appropriate signage to mark all areas. B. Utilize cameras monitored by guards. C. Implement access control vestibules. D. Enforce escorts to monitor all visitors. - correct answer B Which of the following would BEST provide a systems administrator with the ability to more efficiently identify systems and manage permissions and policies based on location, role, and service level? A. Standard naming conventions B. Domain services C. Baseline configurations D. Diagrams - correct answer B Which of the following would detect intrusions at the perimeter of an airport?

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A. Signage B. Fencing C. Motion sensors D. Lighting E. Bollards - correct answer E A security analyst is concerned about critical vulnerabilities that have been detected on some applications running inside containers. Which of the following is theBEST remediation strategy? A. Update the base container Image and redeploy the environment. B. Include the containers in the regular patching schedule for servers. C. Patch each running container individually and test the application. D. Update the host in which the containers are running. - correct answer B An organization has decided to purchase an insurance policy because a risk assessment determined that the cost to remediate the risk is greater than the five- year cost of the insurance policy. The organization is enabling risk: A. avoidance. B. acceptance. C. mitigation. D. transference - correct answer D A security analyst receives an alert from the company's SIEM that anomalous activity is coming from a local source IP address of 192.168.34.26. The ChiefInformation Security Officer asks the analyst to block the originating source. Several days later, another employee opens an internal ticket stating that vulnerability scans are no longer being performed properly. The IP address the employee provides is 192.168.34.26. Which of the following describes this type of alert? A. True negative B. True positive

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C. False positive D. False negative - correct answer C A security analyst wants to reference a standard to develop a risk management program. Which of the following is the BEST source for the analyst to use? A. SSAE SOC 2 B. ISO 31000 C. NIST CSF D. GDPR - correct answer C The Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) requested a report on potential areas of improvement following a security incident. Which of the following incident response processes is the CISO requesting? A. Lessons learned B. Preparation C. Detection D. Containment E. Root cause analysis - correct answer A A company is providing security awareness training regarding the importance of not forwarding social media messages from unverified sources. Which of the following risks would this training help to prevent? A. Hoaxes B. SPIMs C. Identity fraud D. Credential harvesting - correct answer A

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A security analyst is receiving numerous alerts reporting that the response time of an internet- facing application has been degraded. However, the internal network performance was not degraded. Which of the following MOST likely explains this behavior? A. DNS poisoning B. MAC flooding C. DDoS attack D. ARP poisoning - correct answer C Which of the following will increase cryptographic security? A. High data entropy B. Algorithms that require less computing power C. Longer key longevity D. Hashing - correct answer A Which of the following statements BEST describes zero-day exploits? A. When a zero-day exploit is discovered, the system cannot be protected by any means. B. Zero-day exploits have their own scoring category in CVSS. C. A zero-day exploit is initially undetectable, and no patch for it exists. D. Discovering zero-day exploits is always performed via bug bounty programs. - correct answer C A company wants to restrict emailing of PHI documents. The company is implementing a DLP solution. In order to restrict PHI documents, which of the following should be performed FIRST? A. Retention B. Governance C. Classification D. Change management - correct answer C

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A security analyst is investigating some users who are being redirected to a fake website that resembles www.comptia.org. The following output was found on the naming server of the organization:Which of the following attacks has taken place? NAME TYPE DATA www A 192.168.1. server1 A 10.10.1O.1O server2 A 10.10.10. file A 10.10.10. A. Domain reputation B. Domain hijacking C. Disassociation D. DNS poisoning - correct answer B Which of the following describes the continuous delivery software development methodology? A. Waterfall B. Spiral C. V-shaped D. Agile - correct answer D Which of the following is the BEST example of a cost-effective physical control to enforce a USB removable media restriction policy? A. Putting security/antitamper tape over USB ports, logging the port numbers, and regularly inspecting the ports B. Implementing a GPO that will restrict access to authorized USB removable media and regularly verifying that it is enforced

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C. Placing systems into locked, key-controlled containers with no access to the USB ports D. Installing an endpoint agent to detect connectivity of USB and removable media - correct answer B A company suspects that some corporate accounts were compromised. The number of suspicious logins from locations not recognized by the users is increasing.Employees who travel need their accounts protected without the risk of blocking legitimate login requests that may be made over new sign-in properties. Which of the following security controls can be implemented? A. Enforce MFA when an account request reaches a risk threshold. B. Implement geofencing to only allow access from headquarters. C. Enforce time-based login requests that align with business hours. D. Shift the access control scheme to a discretionary access control. - correct answer A An organization wants to participate in threat intelligence information sharing with peer groups. Which of the following would MOST likely meet the organization's requirement? A. Perform OSINT investigations. B. Subscribe to threat intelligence feeds. C. Submit RFCs. D. Implement a TAXII server. - correct answer D Which of the following is the MOST effective control against zero-day vulnerabilities? A. Network segmentation B. Patch management C. Intrusion prevention system D. Multiple vulnerability scanners - correct answer C

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Which of the following is the GREATEST security concern when outsourcing code development to third-party contractors for an internet-facing application? A. Intellectual property theft B. Elevated privileges C. Unknown backdoor D. Quality assurance - correct answer C An organization has hired a red team to simulate attacks on its security posture. Which of the following will the blue team do after detecting an IoC? A. Reimage the impacted workstations. B. Activate runbooks for incident response. C. Conduct forensics on the compromised system. D. Conduct passive reconnaissance to gather information. - correct answer C An amusement park is implementing a biometric system that validates customers' fingerprints to ensure they are not sharing tickets. The park's owner values customers above all and would prefer customers' convenience over security. For this reason, which of the following features should the security team prioritizeFIRST? A. Low FAR B. Low efficacy C. Low FRR D. Low CER - correct answer C Which of the following organizations sets frameworks and controls for optimal security configuration on systems? A. ISO B. GDPR C. PCI DSS

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D. NIST - correct answer D An organization discovered files with proprietary financial data have been deleted. The files have been recovered from backup, but every time the Chief FinancialOfficer logs in to the file server, the same files are deleted again. No other users are experiencing this issue. Which of the following types of malware is MOST likely causing this behavior? A. Logic bomb B. Cryptomalware C. Spyware D. Remote access Trojan - correct answer A A security analyst has identified malware spreading through the corporate network and has activated the CSIRT. Which of the following should the analyst doNEXT? A. Review how the malware was introduced to the network. B. Attempt to quarantine all infected hosts to limit further spread. C. Create help desk tickets to get infected systems reimaged. D. Update all endpoint antivirus solutions with the latest updates. - correct answer B During an incident response, an analyst applied rules to all inbound traffic on the border firewall and implemented ACLs on each critical server. Following an investigation, the company realizes it is still vulnerable because outbound traffic is not restricted, and the adversary is able to maintain a presence in the network.In which of the following stages of the Cyber Kill Chain is the adversary currently operating? A. Reconnaissance B. Command and control C. Actions on objective D. Exploitation - correct answer C

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A recent security breach exploited software vulnerabilities in the firewall and within the network management solution. Which of the following will MOST likely be used to identify when the breach occurred through each device? A. SIEM correlation dashboards B. Firewall syslog event logs C. Network management solution login audit logs D. Bandwidth monitors and interface sensors - correct answer A Which of the following is the FIRST environment in which proper, secure coding should be practiced? A. Stage B. Development C. Production D. Test - correct answer A A cloud service provider has created an environment where customers can connect existing local networks to the cloud for additional computing resources and block internal HR applications from reaching the cloud. Which of the following cloud models is being used? A. Public B. Community C. Hybrid D. Private - correct answer C An organization has developed an application that needs a patch to fix a critical vulnerability. In which of the following environments should the patch be deployed LAST? A. Test B. Staging C. Development

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D. Production - correct answer C An organization is building backup server rooms in geographically diverse locations. The Chief Information Security Officer implemented a requirement on the project that states the new hardware cannot be susceptible to the same vulnerabilities in the existing server room. Which of the following should the systems engineer consider? A. Purchasing hardware from different vendors B. Migrating workloads to public cloud infrastructure C. Implementing a robust patch management solution D. Designing new detective security controls - correct answer B A security analyst is working on a project to implement a solution that monitors network communications and provides alerts when abnormal behavior is detected.Which of the following is the security analyst MOST likely implementing? A. Vulnerability scans B. User behavior analysis C. Security orchestration, automation, and response D. Threat hunting - correct answer B Data exfiltration analysis indicates that an attacker managed to download system configuration notes from a web server. The web-server logs have been deleted, but analysts have determined that the system configuration notes were stored in the database administrator's folder on the web server. Which of the following attacks explains what occurred? (Choose two.) A. Pass-the-hash B. Directory traversal C. SQL injection D. Privilege escalation E. Cross-site scripting

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F. Request forgery - correct answer BD A junior security analyst is conducting an analysis after passwords were changed on multiple accounts without users' interaction. The SIEM have multiple login entries with the following text: suspicious event - user: scheduledtasks successfully authenticate on AD on abnormal time suspicious event - user: scheduledtasks failed to execute c:\weekly_checkups\amazing- 3rdparty-domain-assessment.py suspicious event - user: scheduledtasks failed to execute c:\weekly_checkups\secureyourAD-3rdparty-compliance.sh suspicious event - user: scheduledtasks successfully executed c:\weekly_checkups\amazing-3rdparty-domain- assessment.pyWhich of the following is the MOST likely attack conducted on the environment? A. Malicious script B. Privilege escalation C. Domain hijacking D. DNS poisoning - correct answer A A customer service representative reported an unusual text message that was sent to the help desk. The message contained an unrecognized invoice number with a large balance due and a link to click for more details. Which of the following BEST describes this technique? A. Vishing B. Whaling C. Phishing D. Smishing - correct answer D Which of the following actions would be recommended to improve an incident response process? A. Train the team to identify the difference between events and incidents. B. Modify access so the IT team has full access to the compromised assets. C. Contact the authorities if a cybercrime is suspected. D. Restrict communication surrounding the response to the IT team. - correct answer A

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A cybersecurity administrator needs to implement a Layer 7 security control on a network and block potential attacks. Which of the following can block an attack at Layer 7? (Choose two.) A. HIDS B. NIPS C. HSM D. WAF E. NAC F. NIDS - correct answer BD A business operations manager is concerned that a PC that is critical to business operations will have a costly hardware failure soon. The manager is looking for options to continue business operations without incurring large costs. Which of the following would mitigate the manager's concerns? A. Implement a full system upgrade. B. Perform a physical-to-virtual migration. C. Install uninterruptible power supplies. D. Purchase cybersecurity insurance. - correct answer B An organization has activated an incident response plan due to a malware outbreak on its network. The organization has brought in a forensics team that has identified an internet-facing Windows server as the likely point of initial compromise. The malware family that was detected is known to be distributed by manually logging on to servers and running the malicious code. Which of the following actions would be BEST to prevent reinfection from the infection vector? A. Prevent connections over TFTP from the internal network. B. Create a firewall rule that blocks a 22 from the internet to the server. C. Disable file sharing over port 445 to the server. D. Block port 3389 inbound from untrusted networks. - correct answer C

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Which of the following uses SAML for authentication? A. TOTP B. Federation C. Kerberos D. HOTP - correct answer B The SOC for a large MSSP is meeting to discuss the lessons learned from a recent incident that took much too long to resolve. This type of incident has become more common in recent weeks and is consuming large amounts of the analysts' time due to manual tasks being performed. Which of the following solutions should the SOC consider to BEST improve its response time? A. Configure a NIDS appliance using a Switched Port Analyzer. B. Collect OSINT and catalog the artifacts in a central repository. C. Implement a SOAR with customizable playbooks. D. Install a SIEM with community-driven threat intelligence. - correct answer C Business partners are working on a security mechanism to validate transactions securely. The requirement is for one company to be responsible for deploying a trusted solution that will register and issue artifacts used to sign, encrypt, and decrypt transaction files. Which of the following is the BEST solution to adopt? A. PKI B. Blockchain C. SAML D. OAuth - correct answer A A security analyst has been asked by the Chief Information Security Officer to:✑ develop a secure method of providing centralized management of infrastructure✑ reduce the need to constantly replace aging end user machines✑ provide a consistent user desktop experienceWhich of the following BEST meets these requirements?

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A. BYOD

B. Mobile device management C. VDI D. Containerization - correct answer C Which of the following terms describes a broad range of information that is sensitive to a specific organization? A. Public B. Top secret C. Proprietary D. Open-source - correct answer C A Chief Security Officer (CSO) is concerned that cloud-based services are not adequately protected from advanced threats and malware. The CSO believes there is a high risk that a data breach could occur in the near future due to the lack of detective and preventive controls. Which of the following should be implemented to BEST address the CSO's concerns? (Choose two.) A. A WAF B. A CASB C. An NG-SWG D. Segmentation E. Encryption F. Containerization - correct answer CD An organization is planning to roll out a new mobile device policy and issue each employee a new laptop. These laptops would access the users' corporate operating system remotely and allow them to use the laptops for purposes outside of their job roles. Which of the following deployment models is being utilized?

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A. MDM and application management B. BYOD and containers C. COPE and VDI D. CYOD and VMs - correct answer B Certain users are reporting their accounts are being used to send unauthorized emails and conduct suspicious activities. After further investigation, a security analyst notices the following:✑ All users share workstations throughout the day.✑ Endpoint protection was disabled on several workstations throughout the network.✑ Travel times on logins from the affected users are impossible.✑ Sensitive data is being uploaded to external sites. All user account passwords were forced to be reset and the issue continued. Which of the following attacks is being used to compromise the user accounts? A. Brute-force B. Keylogger C. Dictionary D. Rainbow - correct answer B A security forensics analyst is examining a virtual server. The analyst wants to preserve the present state of the virtual server, including memory contents. Which of the following backup types should be used? A. Snapshot B. Differential C. Cloud D. Full E. Incremental - correct answer A After returning from a conference, a user's laptop has been operating slower than normal and overheating, and the fans have been running constantly. During the diagnosis process, an

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unknown piece of hardware is found connected to the laptop's motherboard. Which of the following attack vectors was exploited to install the hardware? A. Removable media B. Spear phishing C. Supply chain D. Direct access - correct answer A After a recent security breach, a security analyst reports that several administrative usernames and passwords are being sent via cleartext across the network to access network devices over port 23. Which of the following should be implemented so all credentials sent over the network are encrypted when remotely accessing and configuring network devices? A. SSH B. SNMPv3 C. SFTP D. Telnet E. FTP - correct answer A Which of the following provides a calculated value for known vulnerabilities so organizations can prioritize mitigation steps? A. CVSS B. SIEM C. SOAR D. CVE - correct answer A Several universities are participating in a collaborative research project and need to share compute and storage resources. Which of the following cloud deployment strategies would BEST meet this need? A. Community

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B. Private C. Public D. Hybrid - correct answer A A forensic analyst needs to prove that data has not been tampered with since it was collected. Which of the following methods will the analyst MOST likely use? A. Look for tampering on the evidence collection bag. B. Encrypt the collected data using asymmetric encryption. C. Ensure proper procedures for chain of custody are being followed. D. Calculate the checksum using a hashing algorithm. - correct answer D Multiple business accounts were compromised a few days after a public website had its credentials database leaked on the Internet. No business emails were identified in the breach, but the security team thinks that the list of passwords exposed was later used to compromise business accounts. Which of the following would mitigate the issue? A. Complexity requirements B. Password history C. Acceptable use policy D. Shared accounts - correct answer B A security analyst wants to fingerprint a web server. Which of the following tools will the security analyst MOST likely use to accomplish this task? A. nmap - pl-65535 192.168.0.10 B. dig 192.168.0.10 C. curl --head http://192.168.0.10 D. ping 192.168.0.10 - correct answer C