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| Date / / a » | * * f Atl | Electronze |Ats| | evectronte.. [Abel | Election Lad. |contfouration.| no.| |configuration [nod [configuration | | 2) |Se [fart aa'4e® 139 | [tctaa'ss 157] 10 Ietsaeaes : 22 fd aes 40 te aso ta Ls nese | 23 laa sates | No |tiet 445s [73 [To Iexeraemsnacs | _— te dts! 421 olfkr1 44s se? 1741 Ipeapaeeaice | 25 |'nl fad 3d 4s.1 43 Te |ep 4a8ss* [15 |e ltwemen cates _ 126 | Fo Carl 3d6us* 1 4412y Irie wd? er 76 [ci Mpeeraesdtcae | 2317 |fArd adsus* | 46] PICK ads" [79 |r [peer aee cares | 29164 Wart ads? 147] 4a lke) 4d'*56). | 79] Ault ce camee | ® Transition elements exhibit varying dridation states due __ ___ fo the minor -energy difference between ms and (n-d | - orbitals. eee ae es). ee - - Ses 8 Alang With hs electrons, (n-l)d electrans takes part Ip : bonding « But due to the availability of few electrons ___ _ for bond fhq_, Scandium does nat Show variable oxidation Sieiec ee) ni $$$ =—- — ———___ ©The. weak ligand “Ithe Co. NO_ forms eee aise _transition_ metals are fn zero due fo fhe avattability en ____——Of vacant orbitals in the donor atom of the. a _ ____addftfan ta lone pair. _* The highly electronegattve and baste ligand. fi fike F,C —_———tan_form Complexe s with #ransttion metals even tho ugh __| there are jn high oxidation states due ta the presence of es SAA ere sears fone = _ a age by ttt Lt o ° e f e@ O,o °o oe o = a avia sla oa Fy TF Om f aa n 3 ‘ae ela oe o —_ = é a gifeia e ri olg OTE gate bf Sigate 7 = | eA Few example s (ehe et 3 N = [Fe CCN Js ] —> IW = v a ee | ty, he 7 i M ! tt b, . ! reeks o So a ® The atomic_radi?_of the elements of 3d series decreases _ ts the atomic number increases » — = eee _© The atomic radii increase ftom 3d to 4d, the atomic radii of the 4d and Sd_ transition sertes are very close due fo ae lanthanoid contraction. For example ,Circohium and Hafhium., — _© This decrease tn fhe _metallic radius due fo increase in the atomic mass leads fo_an_tncrease in the density of elements. ae aS a fa 2h Enthalnies % Syo : a . F a, fonization energy » __ P e thy a,°0 0 —— oa due outaes ; 5 or ~] © They form covalent compounds, _ _- — © The d- oe : Z 3 all ~ 7 = zl ubstances. depending on their behaviour fn an_external_magheti: = field_are classified —tnto Ztypess or faramagnetic a — —— of 8 They are weakly attracted on application of magnetic treld a due fo presence of One or more unpaired electrons that _ —___—gets_altracted by fhe magnetic fields _ 7 SS — ¥ Formati on OF Coloured Li ns 2 : = —— a a. oe ae @ An electran froma lower energy d orbital iearectbad to ;_—_—— eee sie orbital, the_ 5: ri eae : = = correspands fo the Hag a light absorbeds 7 | ie tregeely generally. _ffes in the visible. light. | _® The colour of this fransitton metal fons ts due to a 7a = wl presence of unpaired or incomplete d - orbitals» — © The absorption of visible (ight and hence coloured nature of the transition metal_cafians {s_due fo fle —— @ The_campounds in —@hich_ there _fs_no conf. rity in a chemical composition with _the ideal chemical formula —a.re called nan- stoichiometric compounds » © The compounds formed with O, $,Se,Te,Fe,Z ns —are the evamples af such compounds . £60 tafetiQete\ sani a = 7n0 8 7 == 0 " at high temperatures with metals. All the metals except _In Vanadium there ts gradual change from_the basic. V203 th : less basic V204 and to amphoteric V20s5 2 V2Ou dissolves ____in acids to give VO ™ Salts » Similarly ,V20s reacts uth alkalies as _well_as_actds fo give VOu and VO, ____tespectivelys The tell characterised CeO ts baste but GaQy _{s amphoteric —__ 3 : ——$__ Lees of Potasstum Dichromate_% F 7 — _@ Kars Or ts used _as_an oxidising agent _in volurebst, Poceee Analysis» —___ i | OE (s-used in_tmardant dyes, Le 1 stipe trade: »pho ia (for hardening of film) ¢ ary @ Lt ET STE | G@ It is used th cleansing glassware . | ae — : © ln the fobarotor eo manganese (IL) tans. salt is Saas Iv EE cy pata odisulphate to. pa ae ——_ Mn" + $5209” + 8H20 —> 2MnO, + [0500+ (6H" & .. ° — Pacatreal tee The salt nok very soluble _in a ee ee _ it decomposes at S13. Ke : Z2KMnOu — K2MnO,y + MnO2 + Or i (es of considerable interest § o ° e o * ° | —— — PILE Tise O10 gna U(arnado pn ec/ Sif 4tory # aa i O) > = “ oye oO magne 2 = beesplened by te ue of ecalar-hital theary. _(b) Thi osulphate ts oxidised almost uantit atively fo sulphate 2 —_—8MnOw + 45.0." + 410 —> 3mn02 + 650,74 20H~ = (c) Manganous. Salt is oxfdised to (MnQ2 3 the presence of __Zine_sulphate or zine oxfde catalyses fhe oxidation: ___2Mn0¢ + 3Mn* + 22.0 —> SMn0. + GH* in | Py 7 = sf - block elements. : e o ° ose —_————— ———_—____—_—— a einen ——— 1 Lanthanoid : = $$ 
