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D281 Linux exam questions with answers
What type of multitasking does Linux use Preemptive (OS uses some criteria to decide how long to allocate to any one task before giving another task a turn to use the operating system) Software released under a license in which the copyright holder grants users the rights to study, change, and distribute it to anyone and for any purpose. open source software A document which determines wether a software license can be labeled with the open-source certification mark open source definition (OSD) What are the three most common file types in linux .deb, .RPM, .TAR Named from debian and is used in debian-based distros such as ubuntu .deb
originally stood for red hat package manager and is use by fedora and openSUSE .rpm Considered a universal package format and is used by distros such as archLinux and Slackware tar package (.tar, .tgz, .tar.gz) a widely-used free software license, which guarantees end users the freedom to run, study, share and modify the software. General Public License (GNU GPL or GPL) a database of application installation packages and upgrade packages available for your Linux distro. (Software) Repository Acts as a shell program within the command line interface. It is the default Terminal. Bourne again shell (BASH) Aside from bash what are three other common Shell programs ksh (korn shell), tcsh (Tee See shell), zsh (zee shell).
Command: Make a new file touch Command: Delete a file or directory, even if the directory has files in them rm (remove) Command: Find a file within the system locate (grep counts too) Command: Remove all current text in the command line clear APT, YUM, and Pacman are examples of... Packet managers What are the different GUIs available as a linux desktop environment Unity, KDE, Gnome and XFCE Term for a package that has a prerequisite required for installation of another program? Dependencies
True or False: Users are not allowed to install various GUI terminal programs False with keyboard inputs, display the terminal ctrl + alt + t Term used to describe in the command line; parameters that start with a dash options Term used to describe in the command line; parameters with no leading dashes Argument Areas of memory that can be used to store information and are referred to by a name Variable What are three rules variables must follow when being named
- must start with a letter
- No spaces (underscored are used instead)
- Punctuation marks are not allowed
What is the syntax when entering a command in the command line Command (what do I want to do), Option (how I want to do it), Argument (what do i do it with) What does the meta character ; (semicolon) do It separates commands and runs them at the same time when using the man command, how would you search by keyword man /list (forward slash followed by term) What is the short hand and long hand of the all option
- a (short hand) --all (long hand) More detailed than man pages; divided into different nodes of pages and works like a web browser Info Pages When using info pages what does p, n, q do (p) previous, (n) next, (q) exit
What is the top most directory in a linux file system /root (equivalent to C drive) What are the values of read, write and execute permissions Read - 4 Write - 2 Execute - 1 Distinguishes between shareable and unshareable files, and between static and variable files Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) Files that are going to be changed by users, automated scripts and servers Variable file In a linux file system, what character do you use to separate a directory / (forward slash) Term for the type of directory relative to the root directory begins with a forward slash. Absolute (/home/user1/file.txt)
A file that refers to another file by name Symbolic link (ln - s origname linkname) What are the three wild card characters ? (question mark)
- (asterisk) [ ] (square brackets) What does the wild card "? " do Individual character (b??l can be bull, bowl, ball) What does the wild card " * " do Matches any character or set of characters, as well as no characters at all. (b*l can be bull, bowl, ball, bl, bbll, brawl) What does the wild card " [ ] " do It will use letters in the brackets to fill for the word (b[ao][lw]l can be ball, bowl, bawl) When used with a directory, it will only update the date/time stamp
Touch (You would use mkdir to crate a directory instead) When using a cp command to make a copy of a directory what do you need to add to copy its contents as well
- r (recursive), - a (all) The superuser or administrator, is traditionally called ______ in Linux. Root (Root is the user name or account that by default has access to all commands and files) What does the | (pipe) character do Takes the output of the first command and uses it on the second command (right side of the pipe) Command: Searches for keyword output grep Redirector Operation: used to create a new file containing standard output (greater than)
Redirector Operation: used to send input back into the standard input < (less than sign) Redirector Operation: used to input text into the following lines as input << (two less than signs) Redirector Operation: used to make the specified file be used for both, standard input and standard output <> (less than and greater than) Normal program messages Standard output Any error message Standard Error Command: Gives you the number of word count wc (with - l, gives you a line count instead)
A way to describe patters that a user might want to look for in data Regular Expression What do the " ^ " (caret) and $ (dollar sign) do in the command line ( ^ ) gives you the start of a new line. ( $ ) Tells you that you have the end of the line. You are trying to pull up a file in your command line with the grep command, and you want to find only the file "file.txt" What would be the option for the command? file.txt Tool that collects a group of files into a single "package" file to easily move around on a single system File-Archiving Tool Used to archive various data files into a single (archive file) while the original remain on the disk Tar (Tape Archiver) What would a bzip2 file have at the end and how do you uncompress it. .bz2 (also bz, and b2) (uncompressed with) bunzip
True or false: Most commands entered into a shell prompt are external commands True Variables that are passed to the script (aka parameters) argument Enables a script to perform one of several actions relying on a particular condition or value of a variable Conditional Expressions What does && (double ampersand) mean in the linux command line (Used with an if statement) Both values are true What does || (double pipe) mean in the linux command line (Used with an if statement) One or the other value is true. True or False: Text files can include graphics, use multiple fonts, emphasize words by italicization, and other special forms of representation. False (Text files can only contain plain text represented by ASCII characters)
True or False: By convention, environment variable names are all uppercase. True The following are characteristics of what?:
- Each package is a single file.
- Packages rely on other programs to do the work of installing the software. 3 - 5) Each package contains dependency, architecture and version information.
- Binary packages are built from source packages Linux Package Define PPID Parent Process ID Command: Give me a list of the processes running on your Linux system ps Command: Locate the program by its CPU or RAM usage top (Task manager version of ps)
false (package system is installed as part of the Linux distro by default, package systems can be installed using the default package system, too.) programs that run in the background, such as web servers, print servers, and other services like these. Daemon What folder contains most of the logs on a Linux system by default. /var/log Command: Identify nearby wireless networks iwlist Command: Connects and disconnects from specific wireless networks iwconfig Command: Brings up or shuts down a specific network connection and associate an IP address or subnet mask to a particular piece of network hardware ifconfig
Command: Adjusts the computers routing table route Configuration File that contains the IP addresses of up to three DNS servers, as well as, the name of the computers internet domain /etc.resolv.conf Command: Tests for breaks in connectivity Traceroute Command: What are 3 tools that can be used when troubleshooting DNS host, dig, nslookup Command: Display all ports and servers that are open and listening for network connections netstat 5 ways to help prevent your linux system from getting compromised
- Shut down unused servers
- Enable a firewall
- Use good a password
