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D390 Intro to Health and Human Services
1. What describes the basic purpose of a healthcare system anywhere in the world?:
To provide services that prevent sickness and care for people in medical need
2. What are the main roles of the World Health Organization in the global healthcare
system?: To connect nations to resources and scientific evidence and to coordinate responses to emergencies
3. How does the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services manage to oversee so
many aspects of healthcare for American citizens?: HHS divides its responsibilities among 11 divisions and many smaller agencies to appropriately address different health needs.By dividing a huge set of responsibilities into more manageable subsets, HHS is able to address those smaller areas within healthcare adequately.
4. How are health services for low-income mothers and children, the elderly, and
people with disabilities affected by whether their particular state has adopted Medicaid expansion?: The states that adopted Medicaid expansion are able to provide more services for longer time frames.n a state with Medicaid expansion, services are much more generous.
5. How would healthcare management at the local county health department level be
accurately described?: Coordination of services for specific areas and populations
6. Which of these are typically provided by community health services?: Reg- ulation
of food safety in grocery stores and restaurants
7. There are four main models of healthcare systems represented across the globe:
What are they.: Single-payer systems Employer-provided health insurance systems National health insurance systems Out-of-pocket systems
8. The lowest level of healthcare management is?: The local level, where com-
munity health departments are common.
9.What is the vital role that The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
oversee?: DHHS is the primary branch of government that oversees healthcare in the United States, and is an umbrella organization that includes 11 operating divisions and many subsidiary agencies.
10.Why is the United States' healthcare different from other countries?: The United
States' healthcare system is different from those in many other developed countries in that it does not have a centralized department or ministry that manages or pays for all healthcare; instead, the U.S. system uses a complex combination of agencies, organizations, sectors, and even individuals
11. Any healthcare system has prevention and care as its basic purpose
and includes the same basic parts:: patients, governmental agencies, providers, private organizations, nonprofit organizations, insurance companies, employers, and public services.
12.What is goal of WHO?: The World Health Organization (WHO) strives to coordi-
nate the world's response to health emergencies, to promote well-being, to prevent disease, and to expand access to healthcare.
13. What are coordinator roles and how do they support individuals in the health
and human services system?:
14.care coordinator: a health and human services professional trained to help
individuals manage the continuum of care
15.healthcare provider: an individual administering to those who are sick or injured
by giving appropriate medical care
16.social services providers: those that offer benefits or services regarding basic
human needs
17.Accountable Care Organizations (ACO):: Accountable Care Organizations are a
26.What are the roles and careers in Health and human services system?: - There are
various roles and careers within the health and human services systems, which include care coordinator, patient advocate and mobilizer, health educator, social and human services assistant, health information technology manager, and healthcare administrator.
27.Describe the roles of healthcare administrators and their purpose in a healthcare
organization.: Healthcare administrators help develop and implement policies and procedures and provider overall management in many areas of a healthcare organization
28.Which statement describes an individual whose purpose is to collaborate with
certified professionals such as social workers to support and provide social services within a community?: A social and human services assistant
29.Which statement describes the purpose of a patient advocate for an indi- vidual
and healthcare team?: A patient advocate is a health and human services worker who helps support individuals within the healthcare system by helping them understand their care, ask the correct questions, and understand their healthcare options.
30. Which statement describes the role and purpose of the care coordinator?-
: An individual who helps arrange access, facilitates communication, and provides clear information to individuals about their healthcare
31.Why is it essential for health and human service workers to work effectively with
other teams?: health and human service workers must collaborate with vari- ous teams to provide the best treatment and services possible. Effective teamwork leads to fewer errors and better patient care
32.What Are Multidisciplinary Teams?: composed of people from different fields
who work together to achieve a common goal—involved in a client's service. For example, a care coordinator communicates with medical providers, insurance com- panies, and medical facilities to ensure services are tailored to the client's
needs.
33.what is interdisciplinary teams: teams work together to provide a person-cen-
tered service to support a client's needs.
34.health and human services...: Health and human services workers must iden-
tify problems, create a plan, and organize the different services needed for their clients.
35.What is an example of a multidisciplinary team?: Doctors, social workers, and
neighborhood health workers
36.What are some examples of multiple Health and Human Services (HHS) entities or
organizations that build up the larger HHS infrastructure?: There are various entities and organizations that make up the HHS system, with the goal of providing prevention and care needs for patients. Some of these include Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), the Centers for Disease Control and Pre- vention (CDC), the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Other entities may include World Health Organization (WHO), State agencies and Local community health departments, private sector, charitable or- ganizations, pharmaceutical companies, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), insurance companies and individual providers.
37. dentify some Health and Human Services entities or organizations and
describe how they can assist with a patient's present and future prevention and care needs.: Below is a sample list of HHS entities and their roles in patient's present and future prevention and care needs. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): responsible for reviewing, approving and
a gap if there's a disconnect between the patient and the provider. This role speaks up for the patient and helps ensure the patient understands their healthcare options.
41.The six common disability categories include: cognitive, hearing, mobility,
vision, self-care, and independent living.
42.Short-term disability refers to: a temporary condition that can either resolve
and go away or transition to a chronic, or long-term, condition.
43.A chronic disability is: a chronic disease that requires ongoing medical atten-
tion and lasts at least one year, though it may last until a client's death.
44. What is the minimum duration for an illness to be considered chronic?: -
One year
45.Advocacy groups offer many advantages for those with chronic illnesses, such as:
support networks, resources, and a voice in the policy-making process.
46.Which sentence describes one difference between a whiplash injury and a
traumatic brain injury?: A whiplash injury causes a temporary disability, while a traumatic brain injury causes a permanent disability.
47.which scenario should a healthcare professional suspect a chronic rather than
acute illness: A baby is born with a small heart defect that will not present symptoms until later in life.
48.What is the Motivational interviewing technique name and function?: - OARS,
to elicit information from patients that helps them to engage in change behavior.
49.What are the five main goals of the PCMH: comprehensive care, patient-cen-
tered care, coordinated care, accessible services, and quality and safety.
50.Comprehensive care involves...: a team of health professionals coming to-
gether to meet patient needs.
51.Which statement describes an attitudinal barrier to healthcare?: Service
providers with limited knowledge and understanding of the rights of people with
disabilities and their health needs also have inadequate training and professional development about disabilities.
52.Which conditions are examples of chronic illnesses?: Asthma, heart dis- ease,
arthritis
53.Which scenario requires short-term accommodation in an educational setting?:
Desk alterations to accommodate a full-leg cast
54.Which statement differentiates how the healthcare needs of an individual with a
temporary disability differ from an individual with a long-term disabili- ty?: An individual with a long-term disability might need a wheelchair ramp built for their home.
55.A 74 year- old-male is discharged from the local hospital after undergoing open
heart surgery. He doesn't have any family to assist with his recovery. He requires round-the-clock monitoring, wound care, and bathing. Which facility should the client be referred to based on his condition?: Long-term care facility
56.A 33-year-old client presents to a local hospital complaining of a severe and
sudden difficulty breathing. After running some tests, the doctor shares with the patient that she is having an asthma attack. What type of care should this patient receive?: Acute care
57.Which therapy is used to help an individual with a long-term physical disability
adapt to normal activities of daily living?: Occupational therapy
58.A doctor discusses various treatment options with a patient using plain language
and outlines the advantages and disadvantages of each with facts. Which attribute describes this relationship-building technique for establishing trust with patients?: Logic
59.A primary care provider begins a patient visit by asking "Are you feeling well?"
and "Do you have any concerns?" What relationship-building tech- nique would
: Health professionals must ensure all forms of language barriers are removed.
68.Clients are more willing to trust professionals who...: communicate their
abilities and a logical, data-driven care plan.
69. Breakdowns in communication, including those stemming from biases a
person may have, can cause distrust between a professional and client, preventing optimal care from occurring.:
70. Xa, a health professional, is working with Liu, a client, to create a plan to eat more
nutritious meals. During their conversation, Liu states that previously a meal plan was created and used to do grocery shopping. Liu found this to be effective. Xa encourages Liu to try doing this again because it worked well and led to success. What is this an example of?: Affirmations.The element of motivational interviewing where a professional expresses empathy by repeating back to the patient what they said is affirmations.
71.There are five main goals of the PCMH: comprehensive care, patient-centered
care, coordinated care, accessible services, and quality and safety.
72.Patient-centered care: focuses on a patient's needs and preferences and sup-
ports patient involvement at their chosen level.
73.The ultimate outcomes of the PCMH: are cost-effective and high-quality care.
74.Accessible services allow carehours, and telehealth.: to be available on various
platforms to meet a patient's needs and wants, including telephone, email, extended in-person
75.patient- and family-centered engagement model: is healthcare that empha- sizes
a partnership between health professionals and patients and families instead of a situation in which a health professional dictates what will happen to a patient
76. Clients receive complete and unbiased information to help them make-
: Clients receive complete and unbiased information to help them make informed decisions about their care, which is the element of information- sharing.
77.what is the element of collaboration?: Clients participate in their actual care and
are part of developing programs, policies, new facilities, and other activities in their healthcare community,
78. In the PCMH model, the element of respect and dignity is when clients and their
family members are care partners. The health professional acknowledges and adheres to a client's choices and beliefs and incorporates them into care plans.:
79.What does the patient and family engagement model emphasize?: Partner- ship
between the patient/family and their health professionals
80.Which element of the patient- and family-centered engagement model emphasizes
the partnership between clients, their families, and the health professional?: Collaboration.Clients participating in their actual care and being a part of developing programs, policies, new facilities, and other activities in their healthcare community is the element of collaboration.
81.How does the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services manage to oversee
so many aspects of healthcare for American citizens?: HHS divides its responsibilities among 11 divisions and many smaller agencies to appropriately address different health needs.
82.How would healthcare management at the local county health department level be
accurately described?: Coordination of services for specific areas and populations.Local health departments focus on the needs of specific areas and particular populations.
83.In the United States, what is the role of government in the healthcare system?:
Federal, state, and local levels all provide healthcare system leadership and regulation.
84.Which statement describes an individual whose purpose is to collaborate with
certified professionals such as social workers to support and provide social services
90.Which ACE model goal is focused on forming and improving beneficial
relationships and ensuring the relationships continue?: Strengthened partner- ships and alliances in the ACE model goal focuses on forming and improving beneficial relationships and ensuring the relationships continue.
91.n which strategy are community members in control of decisions to ad- dress
issues facing the community; addressing social determinants of health, many of which fall into the "neighborhoods and built environments" catego- ry?: Community-owned approach
92. If Mark shows no signs or symptoms of the hepatitis but is still able to infect
others with this disease this is know as which of the following? -carrier -case -immunology -pathogens: carrier
93. The time in which a person can spread the disease and
infect others is know as period. -growing -infectious -spreading -bacteria: growing
94.If a report shows that 2 out of 1,000 people die from a disease after being infected
this is known as what?: case fatality. Case fatality is the measure of the severity of a disease. It is the proportion of plp that die from the disease after being infected.
95. Which of the following tells us how infectious a disease is?
-case fatality -basic reproductive rate -infectious -incubation: basic repro rate
96. The time from when someone gets infected until the symptoms start is the
period. incubation acceptance infectious reproductive: incubation
97.Once the patient starts to show symptoms of the disease this is know as the
stage.: clinical. Clinical stage of the disease is marked by the onset of the symptoms
98.This refers to the process where both client and provider actively manage the
client's care to meet the client's healthcare goals: continuity of care
99.When assessing a patient to determine their Behavioral Risk Factor for a
cognitive disability a HHS professional may ask:: "Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have serious difficulty concentrating, remem- bering, or making decisions?"
100. When assessing a patient to determine their Behavioral Risk Factor for an
independent living disability a HHS professional may ask:: Because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition, do you have difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping?
101. A physical or mental
impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities is known as a : Permanent disability.
102. Which of the following terms describes when the individual body struc- ture
or function or mental function is altered -impairment -activity limitation -participation restrictions: impairment.
professional?: Collaboration Clients participating in their actual care and being a part of developing programs, policies, new facilities, and other activities in their healthcare community is the element of collaboration.
110. Which ACE model goal encourages the inclusion of community members to
share the history, culture, and uniqueness of their community that would be unknown to those from outside?: expanded knowledge encourages the inclu- sion of community members to share the history, culture, and uniqueness of their community that would be unknown to those from outside.
111. Which concept is achieved when individuals and groups find their health-
care needs are being met?: Communities can achieve equity when individuals and groups find their needs are being met at the level they need.
112. What becomes lower when communities engage in activities to help their
members receive preventive care and avoid disease?: Cost of care.When communities engage in activities to help their members receive preventive care to avoid disease in the long term, they help to lower the cost of care.
113. What is the goal of Reflection in the Open-end questions, Affirmation,
Reflections, Summarizing (OARS) technique?: To empathize with the client
114. A 74-year-old presents to the clinic with his wife. She begins explaining that
her husband is becoming more forgetful and not speaking. His physician refers him to a neurologist.How can a human services representative support this couple? Provide the client's wife with printed material about dementia and follow up after being seen by the neurologist. Ask to speak to the client's wife privately about his memory loss. Listen to the wife's concerns and then explain the recommended next steps to sup: Listen to the wife's concerns and then explain the recommended next
steps to support her husband.
115. An 80-year-old client with dementia develops diabetes. Her son wants to
admit her to a nursing home facility to care for her, but she demonstrates re- sistance after her son's recommendation. The primary care doctor prescribed medications and a strict diet. Two weeks later the client returns to the clinic with her son, who states she has not been taking the medicine or following the diet.How can the healthcare professional assist this client and her son?: Refer a home health nurse to the client's residence to educate the client and provide medical support as needed.
116. Tonia broke her arm at work last month. Since then she has been unable to
work and will be unable to do so for the next two weeks. Which type of disability does Tonia have?: Tonia is experiencing a temporary total disability because she is unable to perform any job functions on a temporary basis. She is expected to recover and return to work.
117. Karyn has been diagnosed with asthma and heart failure, and she expe-
rienced a stroke several years ago. What describes Karyn's conditions? -cute chronic conditions Multiple chronic conditions Temporary disabilities Long-term disabilities: Multiple chronic conditions
118. Elizabeth was diagnosed with highly functional autism at an early age. She
also has ADHD and depression. She sees an occupational therapist, a psychiatrist, her primary physician, and a therapist routinely. Elizabeth and her care coordinator routinely check in to see if she is meeting her goals in care with these providers and her overall health. What is this an example of? -Continuity of care Education Communication Advocacy: continuity of care.Elizabeth and her case coordinator are ensuring con- tinuity of care when they check in to ensure she is meeting her health goals and
reasoning to make decisions.
124. Darius continues speaking with his transplant coordinator, Antonio, and
outlines his concerns for his recovery, as well as his father's. Antonio listens carefully to Darius' concerns and expresses to him that he wants the best for both Darius and his father and asks what information he can provide to help Darius feel more comfortable. Which technique did Antonio demonstrate?: - Empathy. The professional demonstrates empathy when they show they care about the client's well-being.
125. Nekia is an activities coordinator at an assisted living facility. Recent- ly
she noticed that many of her clients seem very lethargic during their designated activity time. Nekia decides to research ways to increase client engagement levels during their time together. She researches some of the latest articles and information from other activity coordinators and discovers that activity time is directly after lunch when many clients receive medication. She requested to have the time changed. She f: Client outcome. Nekia applied the EBP process and improved client outcomes by increasing their engagement level.
126. Why does evidence-based practice increase client-professional trust?: -
The treatment is based on logic and scientific evidence.
127. The time in which a person can spread the disease and
infect others is know as period.: The Infectious period is the time a person can spread the disease
128. If Mark shows no signs or symptoms of the hepatitis but is still able to infect
others with this disease this is know as which of the following?: A carrier may show no signs or symptoms of the disease but is still able to infect others.
129. If a report shows that 2 out of 1,000 people die from a disease after being
infected this is known as what?: Case fatality is the measure of the severity of a disease. It is the proportion of people that die from the disease after being infected
130. Infectious diseases are caused by all of the following infectious agents
except:: Infectious diseases are caused by all of the following infectious agents: viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi
131. Once the patient starts to show symptoms of the disease this is know
as the stage.: Clinical stage of the disease is marked by the onset of the symptoms
132. Chronic illness is defined as any condition of longer duration, lasting a
or more, that requires medical intervention or limits activities of daily living.: National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention, defines chronic illness or chronic disease as "any condition of longer duration, a year or more, that requires medical activities or limits activities of daily living."
133. A
physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities for a short period of time is known as a dis- ability.: The ADA provides one broad definition of disability as "a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities".
