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Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. he loved ballet & funded it --> they all served him & always showed respect ballet was entirely dependent in Imperial Russian ballet on himballet was under control of a court member appointed by and answerable to Tsar TERM 2
Jean Baptiste Lande
DEFINITION 2 Jean-Baptiste Lande (died 26 February 1748) was a French ballet dancer, active in Sweden, Denmark and Russia. French dancing master Opened ballet school at Winter Palace (12 girls, 12 boys) TERM 3
St. Petersburg [to Leningrad, to St.
Petersburg]
DEFINITION 3 capital was changed to Leningrad after the Russian Revolution, then changed back to St. Petersburg after the fall of the Soviet Union TERM 4
Maryinsky Theater to Kirov Theater
DEFINITION 4 now Kirov Theater ballet in St. Petersburg, Russia academic & classical name changed after the Russian Revolution premiered Tchaikovsky TERM 5
Moscow, Bolshoi Theater
DEFINITION 5 in Moscow very flamboyant & expressive (opposite of Kirov Theater)
Charles Didelot
French dancer and choreographer. most important figure in Russia improved repertory & teaching raises standards 20 ballets TERM 7
Marius Petipa
DEFINITION 7 French ballet dancer, teacher, and choreographer. staged revivals of ballets principal assistant to Arthur St. Leon concocted Pharaoh's Daughter in six weeks created Don Quixote & La Bayadere chief ballet master in 1970 for 30 years (40 ballets) pleased the Tsar classical ballet choreographer- The Nutcracker- Sleeping Beauty 4 styles of movement TERM 8
Daughter of the Pharoah, 1861
DEFINITION 8 Inspired by Gautier's novel "The Story of the Mummy" Very complicated, spectacular, successful ballet English Lord in sand storm goes into tomb & gets put into an opium dream where he becomes Tahor & saves Aspica from a lion -->Aspica is the daughter Aspicafalls in love with Tahor even though she's already engaged to a king,jumps into the Nile river where the spirits come entertain her, returns to land to get permission to marry Tahor but then he wakes up from his opium dream TERM 9
Divertissement
DEFINITION 9 a plot structure of Petipa random fluff dancing that adds nothing to the plot During the 17th and 18th century, the term implied incidental aspects of an entertainment (usually involving singing and dancing) that might be inserted in an opera orballetor other stage performance. TERM 10
Grand Pas de Deux
DEFINITION 10 French for "big dance for two" usually consists:- Entre- Adagio duet- Male solo- Female solo- Coda(plot structure of Petipa)
4 Styles of movement:
Petipa's styles of movements Classical Character Demi character Mime TERM 17
Classical
DEFINITION 17 Hero -Petipa style of movement TERM 18
Character
DEFINITION 18 Folk - Petipa style of movement TERM 19
Demi
DEFINITION 19 Character lively, faster, young adults danced by peasants and regular people costume allows for more movement Petipa style of movement TERM 20
Mime
DEFINITION 20 codified (everyone would know) - Petipa style of movement
Children on stage
Plot structure of Petipa Wanted children on stage to breed future ballerinas Petipa always had children on stage TERM 22
The Sleeping Beauty, 1890
DEFINITION 22 Written by Marius Petipa gave details to choreographer - Tchaikovsky End of Act I - Rose Adagio (famous part & very difficult to perform, Aurora partnered with 4 men, must balance on point & change partners) Act II - Prince & Aurora find each other Act III -Prince & Aurora'swedding, Divertissement, Grand Pas A Deux (Bluebirds Pas De Deux) TERM 23
Tchaikovsky
DEFINITION 23 Composed music for:- Sleeping Beauty- Swan Lake- Nutcracker Given very detailed instructions by Petipa And several of his other works TERM 24
Rose Adagio
DEFINITION 24 Centrepiece of Petipa'sThe Sleeping Beauty Princess Aurora is presented to her four suitors in Act I Aurora has to balance unsupported on one leg and on pointe between taking each of her Princes' hands Four princes to court Aurora She is en pointe while the princes switch in TERM 25
The Nutcracker, 1892
DEFINITION 25 Music by Tchaikovsky Choreographed by Petipa Was not successful at the time it came out No trace of sensible dramatic action
Ivanov Acts II and
IV
Choreographed Acts II and IV of Swan Lake TERM 32
Odette/Odile
DEFINITION 32 Swan lake characters Odette: princess turned into Swan by evil sorseror (Odile) TERM 33
Prince Siegfried
DEFINITION 33 Prince in Swan Lake TERM 34
Russian Revolution 1917
DEFINITION 34 Ballet had been for the Czar, but overthrew him Ballet russe could not go back to Russia Russian stars not allowed to leave Russia Ballet russe is pre-revolution time Time of change in Russia --> Communists come to power Leningard went back to the name St. Petersburg Ballet russe became a separate company & could not go back to Russia (were not allowed in country or else they coulnd't leave until the Soviet Union fell) TERM 35
Anna Pavlova
DEFINITION 35 Famous ballerina Own company Toured around world Famous for portraying birds, insects,plants Brought ballet (aristocratic art) to common person (high schools, etc) Was in Ballet Russe
The Dying Swan, 1905
Choreographed by Fokine in 1905 for Anna Pavlova Composer was Camille Saint Saenz Two minute solo (her dying), very expressive, on pointe the entire time Torso=non classical No pantomime Movement was expressive enough TERM 37
Ballet Russes
DEFINITION 37 ballet company established in 1909 by the Russian impresario Serge Diaghilev Brought ballet into the 20th century Members originated from Tsar's Imperial Took stars (Nijinsky) from imperial Russian ballet to france during summer vacation (1909) Broke tradition - Revolutionary dancers came out of this company- Womens movements- Avant-garde art form TERM 38
Diaghilev
DEFINITION 38 Russian impresario/Creative director of Ballet russe Brought ballet to Paris responsible for collaboration of great composers: Stravinski & Debussy Artists: Bakst, Benois & Picasso, Matisse, Cocteau Designer: Coco Chanel Launched careers of 5 great choreographers: Fakine, Nijinsky, Massine, Nijinska, Balanchine always encouraged new & different - movement in modern art TERM 39
Leon Bakst
DEFINITION 39 Visual artist/costume & set designer who did much of the scenery for Ballet Russe, Set (stage) design of "Schenhevazade" Designed costumes and set of "Afternoon of a Faune" Worked with Diaghilev's productions TERM 40
Pablo Picasso
DEFINITION 40 Avant-garde artist Artist who worked with the Ballet Russes Worked with Diaghilev to make sets and costumes Did sets and costumes for Massine's two major plays: "Parade" 1917 and "Three Cornered Hat" 1919
Petrouchka, 1911 NOT SURE YET!
choreographed by Fokine. Music by Stavinsky, idea comes from Stravinsky. Fokine - starred Nijinsky - about a sad puppet who wanted his soul to come to life - belonged to evil sorcerer Fokine 1911, dramatic element, not an emphasis on technique (for techniques sake) Najinskys feet turned in. 3 puppets: same choreography stylized three different ways to convey character and emotion, music by Stravinsky, narrative designed in response to musical TERM 47
Le Spectre de la Rose, 1911
DEFINITION 47 Choreographed by Fokine Starred Nijinsky Ballet based on poem by Gautier Debutante falls asleep after her first ball, she dreams of dancing w/ the rose that she had been holding in her hand, her dream ends when the rose escapes through the window TERM 48
Nijinsky
DEFINITION 48 greatest male ballet dancer of 20th century premier danseur Was the star of Le Spectre de la Rose famous for leaping had a short career because he was dismissed by Diaghilev when he married a girl (even though he was his best dancer &chiefchoreographer) and the he was overcome bySchizophrenia jeux, rite of spring TERM 49
Schizophrenia
DEFINITION 49 Nijinsky became ill will this when he was 29, ends his career as a ballet dancer Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. TERM 50
Afternoon of a Faune, 1912
DEFINITION 50 1st ballet choreographed by Nijinskyfor Ballet Russe wanted a dance whose meaning was contained in the movement itself. Faune is half man half animal inspiration = ancient friezes two-dimensional appearance (profile) portrayal of masturbation Freud & natural human sexuality he danced main part himself music by Debussy
Debussy
composer for Diaghilev & Nijinsky composer of Afternoon of a Faune and Jeux wrote a poem about Afternoon of a Faun TERM 52
Jeux, 1913
DEFINITION 52 Created/choreographed by Nijinsky based off of suggestion by wife, tennis match. Dance as a sexual metaphor and a flirtatious game About a trio (2 women, 1 man) - relief sexual tension through tennis "Games" last work for Debussy Choreographed for Ballet Russe by Nijinsky TERM 53
Rite of Spring, 1913
DEFINITION 53 Choreographed by Nijinsky composer Stravinsky About rite of prehistoric tribe; sacrificing a virgin having her dance herself to death, very scandalous at the time, feet turned in rigid arms TERM 54
Stravinsky
DEFINITION 54 Russian composer for Ballet russes Composed forDiaghilev Wrote the music for Rite of Spring Worked with the Ballet Russe andBallanchine Composed Petrouchika TERM 55
Rudolph Nureyev
DEFINITION 55 Danced for Joffrey Ballet -Tatar ballet dancer Regarded as one of the greatest male dancers alongside Nijinsky and Baryshnikov Recreated Petrouchka Performed in "Afternoon of a Faune" soloist in Kurov ballet Died of AIDs
Parade, 1917
Choreographed by Massine Costumes and sets designed by Picasso vivid elements of cubism TERM 62
Three-Cornered Hat, 1919
DEFINITION 62 Choreographed by Massine set designed by Picasso -aesthetic unity one of his story ballets -parable about freedom TERM 63
Nijinska
DEFINITION 63 leading dancer & choreo for Diaghilev, went w/ him to Paris, sister of Njinsky, studied at St. Petersburg School, invented new dance movement TERM 64
Sleeping Beauty, 1921
DEFINITION 64 unsuccessful revival Ballet Russes lose money TERM 65
Les Noces, 1923
DEFINITION 65 created by Nijinska in 1923 the most striking of her major works
Le Train Bleu,
created byNijinska in 1924 spoof on Persians trying to be like Americans spoof on Prince of Wales and Suzanne Linglor Coco Chanel designed costumes TERM 67
Anton Dolin
DEFINITION 67 British star acrobatic sports movement TERM 68
Coca Chanel
DEFINITION 68 designed for Diaghilev during the Ballet Russes TERM 69
Prince of Wales
DEFINITION 69 Le Train Bleu was a spoof on him because he wiggled when he golfed TERM 70
Suzanne
Linglor
DEFINITION 70 Le Train Bleu was a spoof on her, tennis player
Africanist aesthetic/European aesthetic
embrace, conflict/juxtaposition, polyrhythmic, pelvic off- center, poor vitality, cool, detachment, improvisation, call-and-response, forward torso fixed steps, repeatable patterns, erect torso, couple dancing (embrace) TERM 77
Lincoln Kirstein
DEFINITION 77 1907-1996, wealthy man, doesn't dance or choreograph, called the American Diaghilev, interested in making American ballet TERM 78
New York City Ballet (NYCB)
DEFINITION 78 established in 1948 by Balanchine, not state-supported and cheap tickets attracted a large new audience, it was artistically successful and financially poor, competed with the Ballet Russes de Monte Carlo, gained game when Balanchine was invited to London by director of a British Ballet Company in 1950, had many US leading dancers, gained the US its first international recognition for ballet and enhanced its prestige, it was primarily a showcase of Balanchine's choreography TERM 79
Arthur Mitchell
DEFINITION 79 hired by Balanchine in 1955 started the Dance Theater in Harlem because of MLK's assasination in 1969 TERM 80
Dance Theater of Harlem
DEFINITION 80 founded by Mitchell after MLK was killed to provide role models and professional goals for aspiring dancers, it was a predominantly black, mixed modern with ballet
American Ballet Theater (ABT)
not state-supported, developed as an outgrowth of the Mordkin Ballet which was founded in 1937 Richard Pleasant was the general manager whose plan was to create a producing organization that would perform existing works of all periods and national sources, traveled widely, tried to develop glamour and encourage ticket sales, suffered from a lack of clear-cut artistic direction, renamed ABT in 1957 TERM 82
Isadora Duncan
DEFINITION 82 influence Diaghlev's 5 major choreographers, early modern dance pioneer at turn of 20th century, valued expression rather than technique, her dance is American and influenced by nature so she rediscovered the glory of natural movement, danced bare foot, danced in unadorned recitals accompanied only by a pianist, very avante-garde TERM 83
Loie Fuller
DEFINITION 83 primarily an actress and singer who began to perform solo movement pieces, did the "serpentine dance" with a piece of cloth given to her by a friend, experimented with body movement, fabric, shape, color, and light. TERM 84
Ruth St. Denis
DEFINITION 84 vaudeville performer meant she was one of 7 or more independent touring acts, confined to commerial theater, married Ted Shawn, tried to emulate East Indian dance through a sort of trance for "oriental authenticity," dreamer's art TERM 85
Ted Shawn
DEFINITION 85 St. Denis' dance partner & former theology student Added opportunities for greater commercial success by bringing in theatrical visions, started a school with wife called Denishawn very good business man and huband of Ruth Denis
