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DAT Chem Notecards
Half-life equation - ✔kt =. Bromine is _______ at room temperature - ✔liquid Freezing pt dep. eq. - ✔T = iKm pH of 1e-12 HCl solution - ✔ 7 Ions with greater charge are _______ in size - ✔larger Diamagnetic elements have _______ - ✔paired electrons only When doing freezing point depression problems, the reference temperature is always ____ unless otherwise stated - ✔0 degrees C Greater Ksp means ____ - ✔more soluble Transition metals have a tendency to form _____ - ✔complex ions Avogadro's law - ✔all gases have the same number of molecules at standard temperature and pressure Supersaturated solutions are ________ - ✔exothermic Different ways to state second law - ✔More entropy energy transfers always have some loss energy is required for highly organized systems
for most systems, heat represents lost energy Charge on MnO4 - ✔- If a _____ or ______ is in excess there is no buffer system - ✔strong acid / strong base Charge on mercury - ✔+ Arsenic Charge - ✔+3, -3, + Quantum #s - ✔n = energy lvl l = subshell (0, n-1) mL = (-l,l) mS = (+1/2, -1/2) Decays emitted - ✔alpha - helium beta - electron gamma - gamma Galvanic cell - ✔spontaneous anode is - cathode is + electrolytic cell is opposite For gasses how do speed and weight compare? At a given temperature the kinetic energy of gasses is _______ - ✔the lower the weight, the faster the particle and vice versa different Facts about removing water from salts - ✔heating must be controlled to avoid decomp
Acid base equilibria equations ; write net ionic equation and use these if given molarity of something and a Ka/Kb - ✔multiply number of moles by particles in these problems to solve Colligative properties - ✔Depend only on the number of particles dissociated into solution Vapor pressure lowering Boiling point elevation osmotic pressure (goes up) freezing point depression multiply number of moles by particles in these problems to solve - ✔ Kinetics Graphs - ✔ Increase Pressure effect on reactions - ✔shift to side with lower moles of gas Increase Volume effect on reactions - ✔shifts to side with higher mols of gas Melting points - ✔Ionic>Molecular compounds Molecular compounds with higher weight have a higher melting point Ionic compounds with greater charges on each atom have a higher melting point Homolysis - ✔produces radical pair Current equation for Coulomb problems - ✔I = Q/t 1 mole electrons - ✔96500 coulombs How to convert coulombs into grams -
Negative E the reaction is spontaneous or nonspontaneous - ✔NONspontaneous Work and volume equation - ✔W=-PV Beer-Lambert Law - ✔A=ebc e= constant b= path length c= concentration K and temperature - ✔K is affected by temperature and varies Osmotic Pressure Equation - ✔pi = MRTi pi= osmotic pressure M= molarity T = Kelvin temp i = vant hoff Solving ICE table with Partial pressures - ✔ Raults law - ✔VP = VP (of H2O) X (mole fraction of solvent) pH change affecting solubility of ionic compounds - ✔will only affect solubility if acid base reaction occurs Anions of strong acids will not react Anions of weak acids will react Potential energy - ✔greatest in the gas phase least in the solid phase
✔temperature changes When given Ksp use ________ When given Kb or Ka use _________ - ✔only the products reactants and products *** For common ion effect problems ignore the +x or +2x bc Ksp will prob be small as fuark Energy of a photon - ✔E = hc / lambda EM spectrum - ✔ Nernst equation - ✔ Reactions and collisions - ✔If there are too many reactants a collision will not occur Color is associated with the ________ _______ has a blue color - ✔transition metals Copper (II) Sulfate Hydrolysis of anion - ✔If Kb is larger than Ka it will act as a base see which reaction is more favorable Catalysts can change... - ✔Activation energy rate law reaction mechanism Order of BP in acids - ✔HF > HI > HBr > HCl
HF has hydrogen bonding go by molecular weight for the rest Strongest reducing agent Strongest oxidizing agent - ✔Li F Electrolytic cell - ✔ Galvanic cell - ✔ Determining final pH given two solutions mixed together - ✔1. Determine if acid or base is in excess to determine if you need to use the pOH or pH
- Find mols of both and find the excess by taking the difference
- Use this to find pH or pOH Oxidation and reduction cathode and anode - ✔AN-OX RED-CAT The most powerful oxidizing agent or the thing most likely to be reduced has a __________ reduction potential - ✔Most positive STP - ✔273K 760 mmHg Approx pH of Hydronium ions - ✔5- Most reactive metals are in what group? - ✔group 2 When comparing speed of two elements use ____ -
✔non-polar
