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RESIDENT FALL RISK AND PREDICTION - DATA RETRIEVAL WORKSHEET. Date: Nurse Completing Audit: ... .Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 34(12), 27-35.
Typology: Exercises
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Observation=O, Record Review=RR, Interview=I, Assessment=A
A, O, RR, I 1. All residents are evaluated for fall risk on admission, quarterly, with new fall episode, and with change in status A, O, RR, I 2. Immediately on admission, quarterly, with fall or change, evidence based fall-risk scales are part of overall process to identify residents at risk, their areas of risk, and changes in risk factors/level. Use general tools for general information, specific tools for specific problems/information: a. Examples
f. medications g. fall history A, O, RR, I 4. Underlying conditions that may contribute to fall risk are assessed. Some examples are: a. Age > b. Cardiovascular disease c. Dysrhythmias d. Anemia e. Vision/hearing problems f. Neurovascular disease g. Electrolyte imbalance h. Depression i. Diabetes j. Arthritis k. Foot/lower limb disorders l. Poor sitting balance or posture m. incontinence n. Infections (including C-Diff) o. Acute illness p. Mental status change q. Orthostatic hypotension r. Osteoporosis s. Involuntary movement disorders t. History of falls/fractures u. Dehydration v. General weakness w. Pain RR, I 5. Classes of medications that alone or in combination may contribute to falls are assessed. Consider all additions/changes in medications as a potential contributing factor. Some examples are: a. Antiarrythmics b. Antipsychotics c. Anti-hypertensives d. Antidepressants e. Opioid analgesics f. Anti-parkinsonian meds g. Diuretics h. Laxatives i. Vasodilators j. Anticholinergics k. Benzodiazepines l. Antiepileptics A, O, I 6. Areas of functional status are assessed.
h. Incorrect glasses i. Loose/uneven flooring/ rugs j. Wet floors k. Highly polished floors A, I, RR 10. History of previous falls is assessed a. Time of day falls occurred b. Location of falls c. Doing usual or unusual activity d. Medications e. Proximity to most recent meal/fluid intake f. Standing still or walking g. Reaching up or down h. On way to toilet i. ID contributing factors/root cause if possible RR, I 11. Multidisciplinary approach is used to care plan resident’s individual fall risk areas/ level a. Include resident/family members in discussion if possible b. Include front line staff who work with resident c. Review all resident assessment information d. Review MDS 3.0 Fall CAA (Appendix C No 11 of RAI manual) for items indicative of fall risk. e. Track/review previous falls f. Root cause analysis (what was resident trying to do?) g. Review areas of risk and resident needs h. Review/ discuss potential interventions that meet areas of risk A, RR, I, O 12. Potential interventions related to individual fall risk a. PT/OT consults for evaluation, strengthening of core, upper & lower extremities b. Encourage/enable regular resident ambulation and exercise c. Minimize potential for orthostasis or other S/Es
through regular review of new and current meds, adjustments, awareness and fluid intake programs d. Adequate pain management e. Confidence building to decrease fear f. Individualized toileting programs g. Meet individual needs for meaningful activity h. Repair/replace ill fitting or broken appliances/aides i. Management of depression j. Management of other disease processes that inhibit mobility or contribute to fall risk (see #4 - Underlying conditions) RR 13. Individualized care plan for resident fall risk/s is based on findings from thorough multidisciplinary assessment RR, I, O 14. Staff are educated routinely on resident’s fall risk and interventions
American Medical Directors Association. 2003. Falls and Fall Risk: Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. January 2010. Resident Assessment Instrument Manual, 3.0.
Healthcare Association of New Jersey. 2007. Fall Management Guideline.
Kehinde, J. 2009. Instruments for measuring fall risk in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 35(10), 46-55.