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(Department of Computer Science)
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Course: Database Applications (3579) Semester: Spring, 2012 Level: Postgraduate Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 40
ASSIGNMENT No. 1
(Units: 1–4)
Note: All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.
Q. 1 a) What is meant by data and information? Define and explain briefly database and types of databases. b) What are the major benefits of the database approach?
Q. 2 a) What are the main components of the database environment? b) Contrast the following terms: i) Entity; Relationship ii) Candidate key; Primary key iii) Entity type; Entity instance iv) Generalization; Categorization v) Subtype; Supertype vi) Degree; Cardinality
Q. 3 a) The entity type Game has the following attributes: Home team, Visiting team, Date, Score, and Attendance. Suggest a primary key, assuming that each team may play more than one home game with each other team, but never more than one on a given date. b) Draw an E-R diagram for the following situation: A company has a number of employees. The attributes of ‘Employee’ include Name, Address, Phone no., and Data of Birth. The company has also several projects. Attributes of ‘Project’ include Code, Description, and Start date. Each employee may be assigned to one or more projects, or may not be assigned to a project. A project must have at least one employee assigned, and may have several employees assigned.
a) A course has a unique title. b) A student has a unique major. c) An instructor has a unique location.
Allama Iqbal Open University Class List Spring 2011 Course Code: 3400 Course Title: Fundamentals of Computer Instructor Name: Imran Khalil Instructor Location: R Student ID Student Name Major Grade 26212 Kashif DB A 23727 Asif DB C 27294 Hassan SE A 27368 Uzair SE B … … … …
Q. 5 a) What do you mean by referential integrity? Give the basic rules for insertion and deletion that assure referential integrity. b) What are important factors in selecting a file organization? Give a brief discussion on important file organizations.
ASSIGNMENT No. 2
(Units: 5–8) Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 40
Note: All questions are compulsory. Each question carries equal marks.
Questions-1 and 2 refer to the following table.
Student (Student ID., Student Name, Course (Course Code, Course Title, Major) Instructor Code)
Student ID. Student Name Major Course Code Course Title Instructor Code 25316 Ali CS 3408 Data Structure 152 27264 Bilal TE 920 Electronics 134 28729 Ahmad CS 3579 Database Applications
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3579 Database Applications Credit Hours: 4(3+1)
Recommended Books:
1. Database Systems by Thomas Connolly 3rd^ _Edition
- Introduction to Oracle: SQL and PL/SQL Student Guide, Vol. 1_
Reference Books:
_1. Modern Database Management by Fred R. McFadden and Jeffery A Hoffer
- Database Systems by Catherine Ricardo
- Fundamentals of Database Systems (5th_^ Edition) by Ramez Elamsri and Shamkant B. Navathe
Course Outlines: Unit No. 1 Database Foundation Introduction, The Traditional File Processing Approach, Database, The Database Management System (DBMS), Components of the DBMS Environment, Advantages and Disadvantages of Integrated Database Approach, Roles in the Database Environment, Data Administrators, Database Administrators, Database Designers, Application Developers, End Users
Unit No. 2 Database Environment The Three-Level ANSI-SPARC Architecture, External Level, Conceptual Level, Internal Level, Schemas and Mappings, Data Independence, Data Models and Conceptual Modeling, Object-Based Data Models, Record-Based Data Models, Physical Data Models, Conceptual Modeling, Functions of OBMS, Components of DBMS, Multi-User DBMS Architecture, Teleprocessing, File-Server, Client- Server, System Catalogues
Unit No. 3 Database Planning and Design Database Application Life Cycle, Database Planning, System Definition, User Views, Requirements Collection and Analysis, Database Design, Approaches to Database Design, Data Modeling, Phases of a Database Design (Conceptual, Logical and Physical), DBMS Selection, Prototyping, Implementation, Data Conversion and Loading, Testing, Operational Maintenance
Unit No. 4 Entity-Relationship Modeling Entity Types, Relationship Types, Degree of Relationship Type, Recursive Relationship, Attributes, Simple and Composite Attributes, Single-Valued and Multi-valued Attributes, Derived Attributes, Keys, Strong and Weak Entity types, Attributes on Relationships, Structural Constraints, 1:1 Relationships, 1:* Relationships, : Relationships, Specialization/Generalization, Aggregation, Composition
Unit No. 5 The Relational Model Brief History and Advantages of the Relational Model, Relation Data Structure, Mathematical Relations, Database Relations, Properties of Relation, Relational
Keys, Representing Relational Database Schemas, Relational Integrity, Nulls, Entity Integrity, Referntial Integrity, Enterprise Constraints, Views, Purpose of Views, Mapping an E-R Model to a Relational Model, Codd’s Rules for RDBMS. The Relational Algebra, Unary Operations, Set Operations, Join Operations
Unit No. 6 Normalization The Purpose of Normalization, Data Redundancy and Anomalies, Insert Nomalies, Delete Nomalies, Updata Anomalies, Functional Dependencies and Their Characteristics, Primary Key for a Relation using Functional Dependencies, Inference Rules, INF, Full Functional Dependency, 2NF, Transitive Dependency, 3NF, BCNF
Unit No. 7 Introduction to SQL, Forms and Reports Importance of SQL, Data Manipulation, Basic Select Statements, Arithmetic Operators, Operators Precedence, Restricting and Storing Data, Single Row Functions, Displaying Data from Multiple Tables, Aggregating Data Using Group Functions, Sub-queries, Multiple Column Sub-queries, Producing Reducible Output, Manipulating Data, Creating and Managing Tables, Other Database Objects, Controlling User Accounts, Form Components, Form Module, blocks, Items, Objects, Object Navigator, Properties Window, Layout Editor, Report Design Considerations, Report Objects, Basic Report Design
Unit No. 8 Database Storage File Organization, Basic Concepts, Unordered Files, Ordered files, Dynamic Hashing, Indexes, Indexed Sequential Files, Secondary Indexes, Multiple Indexes, B+-Trees
Unit No. 9 Database Issues Database Security and Authorization, Security Countermeasures, Authorization, Views, Backup and Recovery, Integrity, Encryption, RAID, Transaction management, Concurrency Control, Database Recovery, query Processing, Query Decomposition, query Optimization, Pipelining
Activities/Practical: Teacher shall assign database case related to real application. Student will perform the following tasks: E-R Diagram, Normalization, Selecting RDBMS and Creating Database, Interface Design, Design report.
