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The Database Development Process

Objectives

• Definition of terms
• Describe system development life cycle
• Explain prototyping approach
• Explain roles of individuals
• Explain three-schema approach
• Explain role of packaged data models
• Explain three-tiered architectures
• Explain scope of database design projects
• Draw simple data models

Figure 2-1 Segment from enterprise data model

Enterprise data model describes the high- level entities in an organization and the relationship between these entities

Information Systems Architecture

(ISA)

• Conceptual blueprint for organization’s desired information systems structure
• Consists of:
  • Data (e.g. Enterprise Data Model – simplified ER Diagram)
  • Processes – data flow diagrams, process decomposition, etc.
  • Data Network – topology diagram (like Fig 1-9)
  • People – people management using project management tools (Gantt charts, etc.)
  • Events and points in time (when processes are performed)
  • Reasons for events and rules (e.g., decision tables)

Information Systems Planning

(Table 2-1)

• Purpose–align information technology with

organization’s business strategies

• Three steps:
  1. Identify strategic planning factors
  2. Identify corporate planning objects
  3. Develop enterprise model

Identify Strategic Planning Factors

(Table 2-2)

• Organization goals–what we hope to

accomplish

• Critical success factors–what MUST work in

order for us to survive

• Problem areas–weaknesses we now have

Develop Enterprise Model

• Functional decomposition
  • Iterative process breaking system description into finer and finer detail
• Enterprise data model
• Planning matrixes
  • Describe interrelationships between planning objects

Figure 2-2 Example of process decomposition of an

order fulfillment function (Pine Valley Furniture)

Decomposition = breaking large tasks into smaller tasks in a hierarchical structure chart

Example business function-to-data entity

matrix (Fig. 2-3)

Two Approaches to Database and IS

Development

• SDLC
  • System Development Life Cycle
  • Detailed, well-planned development process
  • Time-consuming, but comprehensive
  • Long development cycle
• Prototyping
  • Rapid application development (RAD)
  • Cursory attempt at conceptual data modeling
  • Define database during development of initial prototype
  • Repeat implementation and maintenance activities with new prototype versions

Systems Development Life Cycle

(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)

Planning

Analysis

Physical Design

Implementation

Maintenance

Logical Design

Planning Purpose – preliminary understanding Deliverable – request for study

Database activity – enterprise modeling and early conceptual data modeling

Systems Development Life Cycle

(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)

Planning

Analysis

Physical Design

Implementation

Maintenance

Logical Design

Analysis

Purpose–thorough requirements analysis and structuring Deliverable–functional system specifications

Database activity–Thorough and integrated conceptual data modeling

Systems Development Life Cycle

(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)

Planning

Analysis

Physical Design

Implementation

Maintenance

Logical Design

Physical Design

Purpose–develop technology and organizational specifications Deliverable–program/data structures, technology purchases, organization redesigns

Database activity– physical database design (define database to DBMS, physical data organization, database processing programs)

Systems Development Life Cycle

(see also Figures 2.4, 2.5) (cont.)

Planning

Analysis

Physical Design

Implementation

Maintenance

Logical Design

Implementation

Purpose–programming, testing, training, installation, documenting Deliverable–operational programs, documentation, training materials

Database activity– database implementation, including coded programs, documentation, installation and conversion