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Database Systems: Types, Applications, and Key Concepts, Study notes of Computer Science

American University in CairoComputer Science

A comprehensive overview of database systems, exploring various types of databases and their applications. It delves into the fundamental concepts of database management systems (dbms), including data abstraction, data independence, and concurrency control. The document also discusses the advantages and disadvantages of using a dbms, highlighting its importance in managing large and complex datasets. It further examines the impact of database technology on various fields, including multimedia, geographic information systems, and social networks.

Typology: Study notes

2023/2024

Available from 01/01/2025

shahd-hosni
shahd-hosni 🇪🇬

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Types of Databases and database Applications:
Traditional application:
> numeric and textual databases
Recent applications
Multimedia database
Geographic information Systems
Biological and Genome databases
Data warehouses
Mobile dababases
Real-time and active database
Social networks, captures information about people
and about communications among people- posts,
tweets - photos, videos in systems such as:
- facebook
- twitter
New technologies are emerging from the - non
database software vendors to manage large amount
of data generated on the web.
→ NOSQL (not only SQL) systems
Basic definitions Impact of database and database techology
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Types of Databases and database Applications: Traditional application:

numeric and textual databases Recent applications Multimedia database Geographic information Systems Biological and Genome databases Data warehouses Mobile dababases Real-time and active database Social networks, captures information about people and about communications among people- posts, tweets - photos, videos in systems such as:

  • facebook
  • twitter New technologies are emerging from the - non database software vendors to manage large amount of data generated on the web. NOSQL (not only SQL) systems Basic definitions Impact of database and database techology

Typical DBMS functionality

Define a particular database in terms of its data types, structers, and constraints. manipulating the database: Retrieval: Querying, generating reports modification: insertions, deletions end updates to its content Accessing the database through Web applications DBMS may additionally provide:

  • protection or security measures to prevent
  • "active" processing to take internal actions on data
  • presentation and visualization of data
  • maintenance of the database

    applications interact with a database by generating : - queries: that access different parts of data and formulate the result of a request - transactions: that may read some data and "update" certain valves or generate new data and store that in the database applications must not allow unauthorized users to access data applications must keep up with changing user requirements. Main characteristics of the database approach Self-describing nature of a database system:

A DBMS catalog stores the description of a particular database types, and constraint) the description is called meta-data* this allows the DBMS software to work with different database appplications Insulation between programs und date: called program-data independence allows charging data structures, storage organization without having the to change DBMS access process Data abstraction: A data model used to hide storage details programer refers to the data model constructors rather than data storage details Support of multiple views of the data: each user may see different view of the database, which describes only the data of interest to that user

->Controlling redundancy in data storage and in

development and maintenance efforts.

- Sharing of data among multiple users.

->Restricting unauthorized access to data. Only

the DBA staff uses privileged commands

and facilities.

->Providing persistent storage for program

Objects

Providing optimization of queries for

efficient processing.

• Providing backup and recovery services.

• Providing multiple interfaces to

different classes of users.

• Representing complex relationships

among data.

• Enforcing integrity constraints on the

database.

• Drawing inferences and actions from

the stored data using deductive and

active rules and triggers.

• Potential for enforcing standards.

• Reduced application development time

Main inhibitors (costs) of using a DBMS:

• High initial investment and possible need for

additional hardware.

• Overhead for providing generality, security,

concurrency control, recovery, and integrity

functions.

When a DBMS may be unnecessary:

• If the database and applications are simple,

well defined, and not expected to change.

• If access to data by multiple users is not

required.

When a DBMS may be infeasible:

• In embedded systems where a general purpose

DBMS may not fit in available storage

When no DBMS may suffice:

• If there are stringent real-time

requirements that may not be met

because of DBMS overhead

(e.g.,telephone switching systems)

• If the database system is not able to

handle the complexity of data

because of modeling limitations (e.g.,

in complex genome and protein

databases)

• If the database users need special

operations not supported by the

DBMS (e.g., GIS and location-

basedservices).