COURSE - B.A. (PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION)
SEMESTER- II
PAPER –III (ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY AND BEHAVIOUR)
UNIT –II
DECISION MAKING
ANJALI SINGH
DOCTORAL RESEARCH SCHOLAR (JRF)
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW
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Decision Making in Public Administration: Understanding the Process and Importance, Lecture notes of Decision Making
An in-depth analysis of decision making in the context of public administration. the concept of decision making, its definition, and the process involved. Notable scholars like Herbert A. Simon and their contributions to decision making theory are discussed. The importance of decision making in management is also highlighted.
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COURSE - B.A. (PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION) SEMESTER- II PAPER – III (ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY AND BEHAVIOUR) UNIT – II
DECISION MAKING
ANJALI SINGH DOCTORAL RESEARCH SCHOLAR (JRF) DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW
Concept of Decision
The concept of decision has been derived from Latin word
‘ decidere ’ which means cutting away or cutting off.
Decision involves a cut of alternatives between those that
are desirable and those that are not desirable. It is also a
kind of choice of desirable alternatives.
➢ George R. Terry: Decision making is the selection of one behavior alternative based on some criteria from among two or more possible alternatives. ➢ Haynes and Massie: Decision- Making is a process of selection from a set of alternatives courses of action which is thoughtful to fulfill the objective of the decision problem more satisfactory than others. ➢ Philip Kotler: A decision may be defined as a conscious choice among alternative courses of action.
Process of Decision Making
Specific Objectives Converting choice into Action Choice of Alternative Identification of Problem Gather Information Search for Alternatives Evaluation of Alternatives Review the Decision Diagnosis Analysis of Problem To get most satisfactory results Serve as Ready alternate option Maximizing the goal with minimum expenditure
HERBERT A. SIMON & DECISION MAKING
➢ Herbert Alexander Simon ( 1916 - 2001 ). ➢American Economist, Political Scientist and Cognitive Psychologist. ➢ His greatest contribution to public administration is his insight how decisions are taken in a bureaucratic organization. ➢ Best known for theories of Bounded Rationality and Satisficing. ➢ Recipient of Nobel Prize in Economics in 1978 and Turning Award in 1975. PRINCIPLE PUBLICATIONS ➢ Administrative Behavior : A study of decision making ( 1947 ). ➢ The Proverbs of Administration (Essay- 1946 ). ➢ Public Administration ( 1950 ) ➢ Fundamentals and Research in Administration ( 1953 ). ➢ Organizations ( 1958 ) ➢ The New Science of Management Decision ( 1960 ). ➢Shape of Automation ( 1960 ). ➢Human Problem Solving ( 1972 ). ➢Sciences of the Artificial ( 1969 )
As per Simon :- ➢ All administration is decision making. ➢ Decision making is the heart of public administration. ➢ It is the beginning, middle and end of public administration. ➢ Successful study of administration will be possible if the actual process of decision making is analyzed. **3 Phases of Decision Making
- Intelligence activity** : Finding the occasion for making decision 2) Design activity : Identifying, Developing and Analyzing all possible alternatives 3) Choice activity : Selecting one course of action from available options based on facts and values.
❑ Programmed Decision ➢For routine and repetitive works ➢ Made on basis of rules/ procedures/ habits ➢ Decision making is by precedents ➢ Easy and can be made by lower levels staff too Example: Decision on promotion of employees ❑ Non-Programmed Decisions ➢ For novel and non recurring situations. ➢ Require complex understanding about the given situation. ➢ No pre existing cut and dried solutions. ➢ Decisions are of high importance and made by managers at the apex level. Example: Decision on taking action for growth of organization.