CS 172, Spring 1999 Midterm Exam 2: Multivariate Polynomials & Complexity, Exams of Advanced Algorithms

The cs 172 midterm exam 2 from spring 1999, focusing on multivariate polynomials and their complexity. The exam includes multiple-choice questions and a problem-solving section. Students are required to provide reasons for their answers and are permitted to use calculators. The exam covers topics such as the length of the product of binary numbers, the computational decision problem zmp, and the complexity of zmp in np for different degree representations.

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2012/2013

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CS 172, Spring 1999
Midterm Exam 2
Manual Blum
This is a CLOSED BOOK examination.Calculators ARE permitted.Do all your work on the pages of this examination.For most problems, you may answer YES, NO, "I think so", "I think not", or "I don't know".Give reasons -- carefully written correct reasons -- for your YES/NO answers, and to the extent you
can for your "I think such and such" answers.
This examination has 7 problems, worth a total of 97 points.
Problem #1
(1 pt)
a) The product of binary numbers 1011 and 1101 is
1011* 1101 = _______________________________________.
(10 pts: 1 pt each; double this if all are correct)
b) In spaces to the right, write YES or NO (or "I think so" or "I think not" or "I don't know").
The length (in bits) of the product of an m-bit number and an n-bit number, for positive integers m and n, is:
O(mn) bits_____O(m+n) bits_____m+n+O(1) bits _____MAX{m,n} bits _____min{m,n} bits _____
Define the Computational Decision Problem ZMP as follows:
DECISION PROBLEM ZMP (Zeroes of a Multivariate Polynomial)
INSTANCE:
A multivariate polynomial* with interger coefficients.All coefficients given in binary.All degrees given in unary or binary, depending.
QUESTION: Does the given polynomial have a root over {0,1}?
EXAMPLE: The same f as it appears with unary and binary degress
Unary degrees: f(x,y,z) = (1+x)^11 + (y^1111)*(1+z^111111) - 3
Binary degrees: f(x,y,z) = (1+x)^2 + (y^4)*(1+z^6)-3
CS172, Midterm 2, Spring 1999
CS 172, Spring 1999 Midterm Exam 2 Manual Blum 1
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CS 172, Spring 1999

Midterm Exam 2

Manual Blum

  • This is a CLOSED BOOK examination.
  • Calculators ARE permitted.
  • Do all your work on the pages of this examination.
  • For most problems, you may answer YES, NO, "I think so", "I think not", or "I don't know". Give reasons -- carefully written correct reasons -- for your YES/NO answers, and to the extent you can for your "I think such and such" answers.
  • This examination has 7 problems, worth a total of 97 points.

Problem

(1 pt) a) The product of binary numbers 1011 and 1101 is 1011* 1101 = _______________________________________.

(10 pts: 1 pt each; double this if all are correct) b) In spaces to the right, write YES or NO (or "I think so" or "I think not" or "I don't know"). The length (in bits) of the product of an m-bit number and an n-bit number, for positive integers m and n, is:

  • O(mn) bits_____
  • O(m+n) bits_____
  • m+n+O(1) bits _____
  • MAX{m,n} bits _____
  • min{m,n} bits _____

Define the Computational Decision Problem ZMP as follows:

DECISION PROBLEM ZMP (Zeroes of a Multivariate Polynomial) INSTANCE:

  • A multivariate polynomial* with interger coefficients.
  • All coefficients given in binary.
  • All degrees given in unary or binary, depending.

QUESTION: Does the given polynomial have a root over {0,1}?

EXAMPLE: The same f as it appears with unary and binary degress Unary degrees: f(x,y,z) = (1+x)^11 + (y^1111)(1+z^111111) - 3 Binary degrees: f(x,y,z) = (1+x)^2 + (y^4)(1+z^6)-

CS 172, Spring 1999 Midterm Exam 2 Manual Blum 1

Problem

(5 pts) Does the above f(x,y,z) have a root in {0,1}? Note: the answer to this question is independent of whether the degrees are given in unary or binary.)

If not, why not?

If yes, give a root: x=__________ y=__________ z=__________

(Careful! In our problem, the above variables are only permitted to be 0 or 1!)

*DEFINITION: A MULTIVARIATE POLYNOMIAL f(x1,x2,...,xk) is defined as follows:

1.Any integer is a polynomial. Ex: 37 2.Any variable from a given finite set of variables, eg {x1, ..., xk, x, y, z} is a polynomial. Ex: y A sum or product of 2 polynomials, placed inside parentheses, is a polynoial. Ex:(x+y), and (37*x) (or its equivalent (37x))

4.A polynomial placed inside parentheses and raised to an INTEGER power, is a polynomial.

Parentheses may be left out if the meaning of the polynomial remains clearly unchanged. Ex: f(x,y) = ((37*x)^3 + x + 25y)^

Problem

(20 pts) Is ZMP in NP when degrees are in unary?

Problem

(20 pts) Is ZMP in NP when degrees are in binary?

Problem #2 2