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Dentistry prosthodontics, Study notes of Dentistry

University of DelhiDentistry

Investment materials prosthodontics dentistry

Typology: Study notes

2025/2026

Available from 01/18/2026

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Lecture 4 Dental materials Dr. Shatha Abdul Waheed
Classification of investment materials
According to the types of binders used:
1. Gypsum Bonded Investment (G.B.)
2. Phosphate Bonded Investment (P.B)
3. Silica Bonded Investment (S.B.)
According to the types of silica used:
1. Quartz investments
2. Cristobalite investments
According to the use and melting range alloy:
1. Gypsum Bonded Investment (G.B.)
They are used for casting gold alloys.
They can withstand temp up to 700 C֯.
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Lecture 4 Dental materials Dr. Shatha Abdul Waheed

Classification of investment materials

According to the types of binders used:

  1. Gypsum Bonded Investment (G.B.)
  2. Phosphate Bonded Investment (P.B)
  3. Silica Bonded Investment (S.B.) According to the types of silica used:
    1. Quartz investments
    2. Cristobalite investments According to the use and melting range alloy:
    3. Gypsum Bonded Investment (G.B.) They are used for casting gold alloys. They can withstand temp up to 700 C ֯.

G.P. divided into 3 types Type I: For casting inlays\ crowns. Mode of expansion: Thermal Type II: For casting inlays\onlays\crowns. Mode of expansion: Hygroscopic. Type III: For partial dentures with gold alloys

  1. Phosphate Bonded Investment (P.B) For alloys used to produce copings or frameworks for metal-ceramic prosthesis, pressable ceramic. Divided into 2 types Type I: For inlay, crowns, and other fixed restorations. Type II: For partial dentures and other casts, removable restorations.
  2. Silica Bonded Investment (S.B.) Use principally in casting of partial dentures in the base metal alloy. Brazing investment or soldering investment. Used for brazing parts of restorations such as clasps on partial dentures. Divided into 2 parts Type I: gypsum-bound dental brazing investment. Type II: phosphate–bounded brazing investment. (P.B.) have certain advantages than (G.B.): 1 - They are more stable at high temperatures of 650° C (1200° F), and thus are the casting material of choice. 2 - They expand rapidly at high temperatures;

DENTAL CASTING ALLOY Alloy is any combination of two or more metals. An alloy system is a blend of two or more. Example: the Gold-Copper system includes all the possible alloys of gold and copper. The distinguished binary system, which involves only two metals. The ternary system includes three metals.

Casting Something has been cast in a mold, an object formed by the solidification of a fluid that has been poured or injected into a mold. Nickel chromium dental casting al Titanium-copper (Ti- Cu mixture) General requirements of dental alloy

  1. Biocompatibility: the alloys should not react with oral fluids and release any harmful products in oral environments. 2. Resistance to tarnish: A tarnish is a thin film of a surface deposit or an interaction layer that is adherent to the metal surface. Tarnish is usually on silver alloys and on gold alloys with higher silver content.