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DEOMI Exam 1 (Study Guide) Questions with Solutions
1. What is defined as the act or process of using words, sounds, signs, or behav- iors to express or exchange information or to
express your ideas, thoughts, and feelings to someone else?: Communication
2. What five elements make up the communication process?: a. Communicators (sends
and receives)
b. Messages (an object of communication)
c. Channels (Conduit for delivering messages)
d. Environment (physical location, personal experiences, and cultural background)
e. Feedback
3. Whose responsibility is it to send a message that will be attended to and understood?: It is the responsibility of the
communicator
4. The words of your message are referred to as what type of communication?-
: Verbal Communication
5. What is the most powerful way to communicate nonverbally?: Touching is perhaps the most powerful nonverbal communication.
6. Why is it important to study nonverbal communication?: It is important to study because where verbal and nonverbal message conflict, nonverbal
messages are relied upon more.
7. What type of communication is between you and at least one other person?-
: Interpersonal communication
8. Noise, objects, temperature, and distance are all known as what type of barrier to communication?: Physical
2 / 17 barriers
9. Past experiences, hidden agendas, and stereotypes describe which barriers or factors that impact communication?:
Perceptual barriers
10. What type of barrier to communication involves anger, fear, and surprise?: -
Emotional barriers
11. What are the five steps or elements in the listening process?: 1. Receiving.
2. Attending.
3. Understanding.
4. Responding.
5. Remembering.
12. Which element in the listening process provides feedback and lets the sender know the message was
received?: Responding
13. What are the benefits of effective listening?: a. Improves communications
b. Control of the situation
c. Minimizes conflict
d. Shows that you care
e. Enhances understanding
f. Improves memory
14. What are the three types of listening?: 1.Active Listening
2. Inactive Listening
4 / 17 b. Being receptive to feedback
24. What are the benefits of giving and receiving feedback?: 1. Exchange information
2. Achieve personal growth
3. Provider finds out about self
4. Receiver gains insight
5. Creates an open environment for ettective operational and interpersonal communications
6. Aids in preparation for the future; not dwelling on the past.
25. What are the three elements of the perception process?: -The raw data
-The mental process -The product (or decision)
26. Which element of the perception process is unseen, affected by motives and driven by personal bias?: The Mental
Process
27. What are some of the attributes of a stereotype?: Stereotypes are a set of cognitive
generalizations (e.g., beliefs, expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the members of a particular group or social category (American Psychological Association, 2007). Whether favorable or unfavorable, a stereotype is an overgeneralization or exaggeration that ignores individual ditterences within a group.
28. What do we use in order to make sense out of the tremendous amount of data we are bombarded with in our
daily lives?: perceptual shortcuts
29. Which perceptual shortcut sees people as the origin of action rather than seeing the contribution of
circumstances to the situation?: Blaming the victim
30. Which shortcut has the tendency to extend either a favorable or unfavorable impression to unrelated aspects of an
5 / 17 individual's personality?: Halo/Horn Ettect
31. What type of perceptual filter is made up of our five senses?: Biological Filter
32. What type of filters affect the perception process because they are the sum total of the learned behaviors of a group
of people?: Sociological or cultural filters
33. What are the 5 strategies for correcting inaccurate perceptions?: 1) Be aware of
stereotyping
2) Understand the dynamics and processes that support stereotypes
3) Identify the appropriate application of facts, opinions and assumptions
7 / 17 -Purpose statement
42. What are the two elements within the conclusion of a formal brief?: - Summary
43. When delivering a brief, what delivery skill allows you to focus on the audi- ence and search for feedback?:
Establishing good eye contact
44. What type of support material is described as a "memory tickler" or quick reference outline to be used during
meetings or to informally pass information quickly to another person or office?: Point paper
45. Which type of support material is a quick-reference outline on key points, facts, positions, and questions to be
used during an oral presentation?: Talking paper
46. What is defined as the process, beginning shortly after birth, by which an individual acquires values, attitudes,
and beliefs?: The socialization process
47. What is the most influential agent of socialization?: Family
48. What is defined as a changing and progressive activity that explains reality from our own point of view?: The
concept of self
49. What are some of the consequences of having a negative self-image?: Negative
self-image can cause one to perform poorly, communicate very little (if at all), and may cause one to exaggerate, deny, or even close minds to new ideas.
50. What are the three fundamental elements associated with the self-concept?-
: How we picture ourselves How others see us how we wish ourselves to be seen
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51. What is defined as a set of values adopted by an individual or society that influences the behavior of the
individual?: Value System
52. How are we able to determine someone's attitude toward something since an attitude cannot be seen?: Attitudes are
manifested through outwardly displayed behavior. Body language is a result of mental attitude. No one can see an attitude (feeling); what is seen is the behavior. By asking them and hoping for an honest answer (SFC Davis)
53. What are best described as coping behaviors that allow us to selectively interpret information when we are
challenged on a value, attitude or belief?: Ego defense mechanisms
54. Which common ego defense mechanism is described as placing blame for difficulties upon others rather than
taking responsibility for our own actions?- : Projection
55. What two conditions must be met in order to achieve re-socialization?: 1) the person must feel that something is wrong; and
- the person must feel that it is possible for change to occur.
56. What is a significant emotional event?: A SEE is a catalyst for changing behavior. It's a moment when everything falls into place and one is
able to understand an entire pattern of behavior. It's emotionally charged. Sometimes it is quick, but other times, time is needed to reflect before a change in values and attitudes occur.
57. What is a strategy to use when setting goals to change?: Pick one
-Spend time in self-reflection. -Become open to feedback. -Make a commitment to change -Explore ditterent perspectives.
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- Adjourning Storming is probably the most diflcult
65. What are the characteristics associated with the forming stage of group development?: Initially polite and superficial as each
person seeks out similarities or common needs. While introductions are made, each individual is testing the amount of compatibility of his or her reasons for being there, with the stated reasons of other members. After a base level of expectations and similarities is established, individuals begin to challenge ditterences in a bid to regain their individuality, power, and influence.
66. Why is the storming stage sometimes the most difficult stage of group development?: because it is during this stage that group
members realize the task is ditterent and more diflcult than they imagined.
67. What are the two types of norms that are used within groups?: - General
-Role Specific
68. What are the three basic needs that motivate people according to McClel- land's Needs Theory?: - Achievement
69. What are the characteristics associated with needs based on achievement?-
: 1) Welcomes challenges
2) Wants ensured success
3) Has conservative goals
4) Plans ahead
5) Takes personal responsibility
6) Needs hard data reinforcement
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70. What are the three levels in which every group operates?: - Task,
- Maintenance, -Individual Functions
71. What are the three principles of systems theory that describe how a group operates within its environment?: -
Interdependence
- Nonsummativity
- Interdependence
72. Which part of a small group system provides resources, expertise, and a supportive atmosphere to the group?:
Environmental Factors
73. Which group task function includes developing an idea previously expressed by giving examples, illustrations, and
explanations?: Elaborating Note(SFC DAVIS): Couldn't find it in the study guide but found it online
74. What are the decision-making procedures a group should follow?: 1) Discuss how decisions will be made (e.g., when it's time to
take a poll, when to decide by consensus).
2) Explore important issues by polling (e.g., asking members to vote verbally or in writing).
3) Decide important issues by consensus,
4) Test for consensus.
5) Use data as the basis for decisions when possible.
75. How does DoD Directive 1020.02 define diversity?: The ditterent characteristics and attributes of individuals
76. The term diversity has evolved over the years and its meaning has expanded in scope. What is the overall common
theme to all definitions?: Answer is specific to person anwering
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10) Geographic Location
11)Organization role and level
81. How do the primary and secondary dimensions of diversity help shape our lives?: The first and second dimensions form an
individual's self-image and the filters through which he or she views the rest of the world.
82. What is an assumption made by individuals within the ethnocentric stage of the Developmental Model of Intercultural
Sensitivity?: In the ethnocentric stage, individuals assume that their respective culture is central to the reality perceived by all others.
83. What are the main individual diversity awareness strategies?: 1) Be aware of your own cultural influences and assumptions when
communicating with people of other cultures.
2) Do not make generalizations as the behavior and beliefs of people within each culture can vary considerably, and not all people identify with their cultural or
religious background.
3) Be aware of judging others' behaviors and beliefs according to the standards of your own culture.
4) Monitor your verbal and nonverbal communication behaviors.
5) Identify behaviors that enhance or detract from work group readiness.
84. Being aware of your own cultural influences and assumptions when commu- nicating with others is a strategy for:
Overcoming personal barriers to diversity awareness
85. What three assumptions is conflict base upon: 1) Disagreement is inevitable.
2) Conflict cannot be avoided since interdependence between groups is necessary.
3) Agreement and maintaining interdependence is possible.
86. What are the primary causes or manifestations of conflict: 1) When wants or needs ditter
2) When individuals' values ditter
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3) Dittering degrees of knowledge expectations
4) Ditterences in race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and age
5) Assumptions/perceptions
87. List reasons why conflict is destructive.: a. Diverts energy from more important activities and issues
b. Destroys morale
c. Polarizes groups so that internal cohesiveness is decreased
d. Deepens ditterences in values
e. Produces irresponsible and regrettable behavior
88. List reasons how conflict can be constructive.: a. Opens up issues of importance
b. Increases the involvement of individuals
c. Causes authentic communication to occur
d. Results in the solution of problems
e. Serves as a release to pent-up emotion, anxiety, and stress
f. Helps build cohesiveness among people
g. Helps individuals grow personally
89. What type of conflict can be characterized by an individual having conflicting internal needs, values, and attitudes?:
Intrapersonal conflict
90. What type of conflict takes place between two or more parties?: Interpersonal
Conflict
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5) implement the solution
6) evaluate the solution
102. What are the steps of the APIE model: 1) Assess the problem(s)
2) Plan a solution(s)
3) Implement the solution(s)
4) Evaluate the outcome
103. What are other strategies to coping with conflict: a. Talk about the conflict.
b. Recognize ditterences.
c. Prevent escalation.
d. Encourage communication.
e. Remain calm.
104. What are benefits of coping with conflicts: 1. Deals with reality
2. Confronts the real problem
3. Keeps identity and roles separate
4. Can assist the EOA in the organization
105. What are some examples of alternate dispute resolutions: - conciliation,
- facilitation,
- mediation, -fact-finding,
17 / 17 -mini-trials,
- arbitration, -use of Ombudsmen, -any combination thereof.
