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Argument Development: Toulmin Model, Inoculation Theory, and Logical Fallacies - Prof. Ali, Study notes of Communication

University of Connecticut (UConn) - Avery PointCommunication
Prof. Alice Veksler

An overview of argument development, focusing on the toulmin model, inoculation theory, and common logical fallacies. The toulmin model explains the structure of an argument, including the claim, evidence, and warrants. Inoculation theory is a communication strategy to anticipate and address counterarguments. Logical fallacies are errors in reasoning, such as begging the question, ad hominem attacks, and slippery slope arguments.

Typology: Study notes

Pre 2010

Uploaded on 12/09/2010

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October 18, 2010
COMM 1100
Developing Argument
Argument
Process of proving conclusions through the use of evidence
Not fighting
Focus on issues not people
Is constructive
IS accurate
Acknowledges opposition
Argument- Toulmin model
Claim
- Proposition
- What are you trying to prove
Evidence
- Statistics, Stories, etc
- Link between evidence and claim
Claim
Fact
- Issues of truth
- Speculative claims
Value
- Issues of judgement
Policy
- Issues of action
Evidence
Audience knowledge and opinions
Speaker knowledge and opinions
External evidence
- Determine relevance
- Determine timeliness
- Determine credibility
Warrants
Motivational
Authoritative
Substantive
- Causation
- Sign
pf2

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October 18, 2010 COMM 1100 Developing Argument Argument  Process of proving conclusions through the use of evidence  Not fighting  Focus on issues not people  Is constructive  IS accurate  Acknowledges opposition Argument- Toulmin model  Claim

  • Proposition
  • What are you trying to prove  Evidence
  • Statistics, Stories, etc
  • Link between evidence and claim Claim  Fact
  • Issues of truth
  • Speculative claims  Value
  • Issues of judgement  Policy
  • Issues of action Evidence  Audience knowledge and opinions  Speaker knowledge and opinions  External evidence
  • Determine relevance
  • Determine timeliness
  • Determine credibility Warrants  Motivational  Authoritative  Substantive
  • Causation
  • Sign
  • Analogy Inoculation theory  Based o the biological principle  Anticipate counterarguments  Acknowledge them  Do not discuss them at length  Anticipate counterarguments that your audience may hear in the future  Do not ignore significant counterarguments Logical Fallacies  Begging the questions  Bandwagoning  False dichotomy ( either-or)  Other options are taken away that convince people that there are only two options  Ad hominem  Personal attack  Red herring  Provide evidence that is irrelevant with the claim  Hasty generalization  When we make an assumption of a group  Make a board-based claim  Non sequitur  Not related to the question  Slippery slope  No guarantee that one event would certainly lead to the another event  Appeal to tradition  It is how it is usually is