Download Developmental Psychology Practice Test: Prenatal & Infant Development and more Exams Public Health in PDF only on Docsity!
Development Practice Test – Questions With
Applicable Solutions
The prenatal period refers to Correct Answer - the nine months before birth The first phase of prenatal development is the Correct Answer
- germinal stage Omar's wife conceived a baby seven days ago, and does not yet know she is pregnant. His wife's pregnancy is currently in the Correct Answer - germinal stage The _________________ is the structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass from the mother to the fetus. Correct Answer
- placenta A____________ implants itseif into the uterine wall and becomes a(n) ____________________ Correct Answer - zygote; embryo The embryonic stage of prenatal development refers to Correct Answer - the second through eighth weeks of prenatal development During which stage of development do the heart, spine, and brain emerge? Correct Answer - embryonic The stage of prenatal development during which most miscarriages are likely to occur is the Correct Answer - embryonic stage Chelsey is pregnant and she is concerned about taking an over- the-counter medication for her allergies. She should be most concerned if her pregnancy is currently at the Correct Answer
- embryonic stage
The third stage of prenatal development, which lasts from two months through birth, is referred to as the Correct Answer - fetal stage The developing organism becomes capable of physical movement during the Correct Answer - fetal stage The longest stage of prenatal development is the Correct Answer - fetal stage Premature babies who survive were typically born during the Correct Answer - fetal stage The age of viability, referring to the age at which the fetus ____________ , is reached _______________ Correct Answer - can survive if born prematurely; between 22 and 26 weeks If a baby is born with a small head, heart defects, and retarded mental and motor development, the mother is most likely to have Correct Answer - been an alcoholic The full-blown fetal alcohol syndrome is produced by Correct Answer - heavy drinking throughout pregnancy Which of the following statements is true? Correct Answer - Even normal social drinking by the expectant mother may be harmful to the fetus. Camille drank heavily during the first eight weeks of her pregnancy, but since that time she has abstained from all alcohol. It is most likely that Camille's baby will Correct Answer - have noticeable physical deformities, and an increased risk of mental retardation The cephalocaudal trend in physical development suggests that infants will be able to control their Correct Answer - shoulders and arms before they can control their hips and legs
Research suggests that a child's "temperamental individuality" is well established around Correct Answer - two to three months of age An infant who actively resists change, who fails to develop a regular sleeping and eating schedule, and who is generally irritable and unhappy is best described as temperamentally Correct Answer - difficult Ruby is an active infant who appears to be somewhat high- strung, and who protests loudly every time her parents try to change her routine in any way. Using the temperament categories outlined by Thomas and Chess, Ruby would most likely be considered to have Correct Answer - a difficult temperament The close, emotional bond of affection between an infant and its caregiver is called Correct Answer - attachment One-year-old Tommy is extremely distressed whenever his mother leaves him, yet resists her attempts to comfort him when she returns. Tommy probably has _________________ to his mother. Correct Answer - an anxious-ambivalent Mercedes takes her I-year-old son, Justice, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Justice eagerly explores the play room as long as Mercedes is present. When his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms, Justice becomes somewhat upset, but when Mercedes returns he quickly calms down. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who Correct Answer - share a secure attachment relationship Which of the following statements most accurately summarizes the findings of studies of infant day care? Correct Answer - Negative effects of day care seem minimal and may even be outweighed by positive effects when day care is of high quality.
_Cross-cultural studies of infant attachment suggest that attachment ______________ universal, and that attachment patterns __________________ influenced by a culture's child-rearing practices. Correct Answer - is; are At what age does an infant typically first exhibit separation anxiety? Correct Answer - six to eight months Jasmin takes her l-year-old son, Randy, to visit a day-care center where she plans to enroll him. Randy eagerly explores the play room, and when his mom leaves the room to fill out some forms he shows no signs of concern. When Jasmin returns he shows little interest and continues to play with the toys he has collected. This is the type of interaction you might observe between a child and a parent who Correct Answer - share an avoidant attachment relationship According to Bowlby, parents and their infants become attached to one another because Correct Answer - infants and adults are biologically prograrnrned for mutual attachment Stage theories of development assume that Correct Answer - individuals progress through specified stages in a particular order because each stage builds on the previous stage Erik Erikson's developmental stages are organized around potential turning points called Correct Answer - psychosocial crises A child who successfully completes stage 1 of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development will acquire Correct Answer - optimism and trust toward the world Avery is excited by the fact she has begun to feel her baby kicking and moving in her uterus. If Avery can feel her baby moving, her pregnancy must be in the Correct Answer - fetal stage
parent who Correct Answer - share an anxious-ambivalent attachment relationship According to Erikson, the first stage of development (birth to one year) is a period when the infant develops the basic characteristic of Correct Answer - trust versus mistrust Jerry is 8 months old. Based on Erikson's theory of personality development, the fundamental question that Jerry is dealing with at this point in his life is Correct Answer - "Is my world predictable and supportive?" For Erikson, the stage during which toilet training occurs is Correct Answer - autonomy versus shame and doubt Craig is 2 years old and he likes to put on his own coat and shoes. However, his mother often becomes impatient waiting for him to get ready, and she usually finishes zipping his coat and tying his shoes for him. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Craig will develop Correct Answer - feelings of shame and doubt During the third stage of psychosocial development, the crisis that must be resolved is initiative versus guilt. By this Erikson meant that the child must learn Correct Answer - how to pursue his or her own interests and also get along with others Anne is 5 years old and she likes to help with jobs around the house. Tonight, when she was clearing the dishes from the table, she dropped a stack of plates and broke them all. Her father scolded her and told her that she could help more by staying out of the way and letting her older brothers clear the table. If her father's reaction is typical of the interactions she has with him, Erikson would suggest that Anne is likely to develop Correct Answer - feelings of guilt The challenge oflearning to function in society and beyond the family marks Erikson's childhood stage of Correct Answer - industry versus inferiority
Erikson's period of _________________ corresponds to the early school years. Correct Answer - industry versus inferiority The elementary school-age child who does well in school and who receives praise and support at home will develop what Erikson calls a sense of Correct Answer - industry Kyler is 9 years old, and he likes to draw and paint. However, he doesn't receive very good grades on his art projects, and several times his friends have laughed at the pictures Kyler has created. Based on Erikson's theory, it is likely that Kyler will develop Correct Answer - feelings of inferiority The major shortcoming of Erikson's psychosocial stages theory of development is that Correct Answer - like many stage theories, it pays little attention to explaining individual differences To Piaget, cognitive development involves Correct Answer - stages that are characterized by fundamentally different thought processes Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development. Which of the following is not one of his stages? Correct Answer - postoperational During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child's relations with the world are through Correct Answer - physical interaction For children in which Piagetian stage might we be correct with the old expression "Out of sight is out of mind"? Correct Answer - sensorimotor When Teresa's mother hides her favorite doll under a blanket, Teresa acts as if it no longer exists, and she makes no attempt to look for it. Based on this information, you can infer that Teresa is
answer illustrates the flaw in thinking that Piaget labeled Correct Answer - centration The inability of a child to mentally "undo" something is referred to as Correct Answer - irreversibility Preschoolers generally do not recognize that if 8 - 5 = 3, then 3
- 5 = 8. This is because their thought is characterized by Correct Answer - irreversibility When Matthew saw his older brother's bicycle fall off its kickstand, Matthew told his brother that the bicycle must be tired from being ridden too much. Matthew's statement illustrates the type of thinking that Piaget referred to as Correct Answer - animism The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it is an example of Correct Answer - egocentrism You ask a three-year-old why the sky is blue; she says it is because blue is her favorite color. This answer reflects the ___________________ thinking that is typical of preschoolers. Correct Answer - egocentric A child sees his mother crying and brings her his own favorite teddy bear to comfort her. This child is demonstrating Correct Answer - egocentrism Children's thought processes are particularly egocentric during which Piagetian stage? Correct Answer - preoperational Bob is asked, "Do you have a brother?" He replies, "Yes." "What's his name?" "Joe." "Does Joe have a brother?" Bob answers, "No." Bob is most likely in which stage of cognitive development? Correct Answer - preoperational Water is poured from a short, broad beaker into a tall, skinny beaker. Is there more or less water now? A child answers that it's
the same amount, only it's taller. The child is in which stage of cognitive development? Correct Answer - concrete operational A five-year-old boy tells you that his kindergarten class has more boys than children. This indicates that he Correct Answer - cannot handle hierarchical classification problems The stage of concrete operations is said to be "concrete" because Correct Answer - children can perform operations only on tangible objects and actual events According to Piaget, during the formal operational period of cognitive development, children begin to Correct Answer - think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities Which of the following is not one of Kohlberg's stages of moral development? Correct Answer - midconventional thought At the preconventionallevel, the child decides if things are good or bad (moral) on the basis of whether they Correct Answer - bring punishment or reward Conventional thinking in moral development bases morality (right or wrong) on Correct Answer - society's laws If you join your friends in a protest against nuclear power primarily because you want their approval rather than because of any strong conviction you have about nuclear power, you would be said to be at which of the following levels of moral development? Correct Answer - conventional Personal guiding principles take precedence over laws in deciding right or wrong behavior in the ________________ stage of moral reasoning. Correct Answer - postconventional Suggesting that a poor man who stole food to feed his family was right, because human life takes precedence over rules, is an
James Marcia termed individuals who were delaying commitment and actively exploring alternative ideologies as being in a state of Correct Answer - moratorium Leanna is 19 years old, but when people ask her what she wants to do when she fmishes school she tells them she hasn't really given it much thought. She is convinced there is lots of time before she even needsto begin thinking about her various career options. According to James Marcia, Leanna would be considered to be in a state of Correct Answer - identity diffusion Fifteen-year-old Marta has had a relatively smooth adolescent period and, at the urging of her parents, has already decided on a college and a career. If Marta is simply playing a passive role in relationship to her parents, she may well be in Correct Answer - a foreclosure phase Which of the following refers to a person's notion of what he or she should have accomplished by certain points in life? Correct Answer - social clock Which of the following statements regarding personality changes in adulthood is most accurate? Correct Answer - The adult personality is characterized by both stability and change. Midlife crises Correct Answer - occur in only a small minority of subjects In early adulthood, the psychosocial crisis centers on establishing close, personal relationships with others. This is the stage of Correct Answer - intimacy versus isolation Jocelyn is 25 years old and she feels very insecure about some of the personal and career choices she has made so far. Consequently, at this point in her life she is unwilling to form a serious, committed relationship with another person. Based on Erikson's theory, Jocelyn may Correct Answer - develop a sense of isolation
Finding and making commitments to society and future generations mark Erikson's stage of Correct Answer - generativity versus self-absorption Sergio just turned 53, and he feels as though he is not making any real contributions through the career he has chosen. As he sits at his desk each day he fails to find meaning in his life, and feels as though he has no purpose or direction. Based on Erikson's theory, Sergio Correct Answer - is becoming self-indulgent and self-absorbed Looking back on her long life, Hilda feels good about herself and her accomplishments and swears that she would do it again the same way if given the opportunity. According to Erikson's theory, Hilda is at the stage of Correct Answer - integrity versus despair Lily is 85 years old and she has recently begun writing her life story. As she thinks back over all that she has done she comes to the conclusion that her life has had no real meaning or purpose. Based on Erikson's theory, Lily may Correct Answer - experience feelings of despair and bitterness Walter and Camille have been an "empty nest" couple since their youngest son left for college last year. Now that they are alone, it is likely that Walter and Camille will find Correct Answer - their marital satisfaction will. start to increase Simon, a college senior, has had a few interviews for jobs in engineering. He's pretty sure that's the career field he'll stick with, though he's trying to stay open-minded about other possibilities. Simon is in Super's Correct Answer - exploration stage of vocational development Juliette is in her last semester at college, and she started working as an intern for an accounting firm last Monday. She is hoping that working as an intern will give her a chance to decide if she really wants to be an accountant for the rest of her life.
Imagine you have to make a persuasive speech for one of your classes. The teacher will be basing part of your grade on how much the other members of the class are influenced by the views you present in your speech. Based on research into gender differences in personality and social behavior, under these circumstances you would probably prefer Correct Answer - to have more females than males in your class Starting in the grade-school years, females show a slight advantage over males in ______________ skills, while males show a slight advantage over females in ______________skills. Correct Answer - verbal; visual-spatial _______________ is the acquisition of the norms and behaviors expected of people in a particular society. Correct Answer - Socialization Gender roles tend to be Correct Answer - based on society's prescriptions of what is proper for each sex Which of the following is not one of the key processes that researchers believe to be involved in gender-role socialization? Correct Answer - classical conditioning Yesterday little Louis saw his brother climb a tree. Today Louis tried it and fell to the ground, hurting himself. But his mother nevertheless praised him for being a brave boy. Which of the following influences on gender-role socialization are at work here? Correct Answer - observational learning and reinforcement According to cognitive theories of gender-role development, self- socialization includes Correct Answer - learning to classify oneself as male or female Which of the following is the safest statement to make regarding the origin of gender differences? Correct Answer - As with anything, the explanation of gender differences is complex and
must take into account both biological and environmental factors.
