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DEVOPS FUNDAMENTALS (PEOPLECERT)
Which framework adapts DevOps? - Answers -ITIL Lean Agile Is DevOps focused on communication and collaboration? - Answers -Yes Can DevOps be used to describe a specific job title? - Answers -No Is DevOps applicable to every kind of company? - Answers -Yes What does the DevOps Full Stack includes? A) Culture, Practices, Automation B) Culture, Processes, Automation C) Culture, Feedback, Experimentation - Answers -A Business Value is about: A) Customer Satisfaction B) Company Revenues - Answers -A Business Value can be considered static since when the project is closed and it is dictated by the feedback of the customer - Answers -F What components includes Business Value? A) Quality, Value, Speed B) Quality, Cost, Speed C) Revenues, Cost, Speed - Answers -B Silo Mentality and Local Optimization discourage integration and the sharing of tools across teams, resulting in making automation impossible - Answers -T Bureaucracy promote silo behaviors - Answers -T Bureaucracy provides promotion by senority - Answers -T Technical Debt - Answers -The accumulation of complicated workarounds and rework that occurs when easy solutions are consistently implemented instead of the best solutions. IT Downward Spiral - Answers -Inefficiencies from Dev and Ops that causes Technical Debt Shadow IT - Answers -Loss of market share for internal IT because of perception of poor quality, slow speed or higher cost
The globalization of the market economy puts new pressures on local delivery options to up their quality, increase their speed and lower their costs. - Answers -T Digital Transformation allows businesses to leverage the changes and opportunities that are presented by digital technologies and their accelerating impact in a way that is strategized and prioritized to become an advantage and not a disadvantage - Answers - T DevOps emerged to help IT find the balance between ______ and ______ that the business requires to deliver value. - Answers -1) Change
- Stability CALMS is an acronym originally developed as a way to solve conflict in teams - Answers -F (to understand key pillars of DevOps) Which words includes the acronym C.A.L.M.S? - Answers -An acronym for the values of DevOps: Culture, Automation, Lean, Measurement, and Sharing. C of CALMS - Answers -An understanding that the values, beliefs and attitudes that permeate an organization and IT are important and need to shift. A of CALMS - Answers -A belief that anything can be automated and that manual processes should be automated wherever possible. L of CALMS - Answers -An emphasis on ideas from the Lean value system and methodology to reduce process complexity and streamline the flow of work M of CALMS - Answers -A belief in the importance of measuring everything and building processes that are visible and transparent S of CALMS - Answers -An emphasis on collaboration and communication between development and operations allowing them to effectively integrate First Way (Flow) focuses on understanding on how work moves from Dev to Ops and then from the functional areas of the business to customers - Answers -T Explain the three components of Business Value - Answers -Quality: customer requirements and expectation Cost: how much a customer is willing to pay Speed: respecting deadlines Kano Model states that excitement features becomes standard over time and so we should strive to constantly innovate - Answers -T
Unit Test - Answers - Integration Test - Answers - Platform Test - Answers - Regression & New Feature Test - Answers - Application Acceptance Test - Answers - Example of Functional Testing - Answers -Unit Tests API Integration System Testing Example of Non-Functional testing - Answers -Performance Security Compliance Compliance testing is an example of _____ testing - Answers -Non-functional Unit Tests are an example of _____ - Answers -Functional Testing Continuous Deployment - Answers -Extension of CD. All changes that pass automated tests are then automatically pushed into production. Continuous Deployment enables multiple deployments per day - Answers -T Releases should be always automated rather than wasting time deciding on it - Answers -F Is Continuous Deployment the goal of DevOps? - Answers -Yes Organizational Culture is pattern of shared assumptions and values learned within an organization picked up over time by those who work there. - Answers -T Organization culture is static, it doesn't vary over time - Answers -F Organizational Culture is monolithic - Answers -F Collaboration includes: A) Communication, Accountability, Transparency, Trust B) Communication, Feedback, Transparency, Trust - Answers -A Collaboration acronym for exam - Answers -C.A.T.T.
Dev & Ops is about sharing JUST priorities and goals in order to avoid confusion - Answers -F Does the DevOps embrace failing as opportunity to learn? - Answers -Yes In Generative Culture bridging is rewarded (vs discouraged) and failure causes enquiry (vs scapegoating) - Answers -T What are the characteristics of Transformational Leadership? - Answers -- Vision
- Inspirational Communication
- Intellectual Stimulation
- Supportive Leadership
- Personal Recognition What responsibilies have Self-Governed Teams? - Answers -All Which kind of teams do you know? - Answers -Manager-Led Self-Managing Self-Directed Self-Governed In what kind of team there is no authority? - Answers -Self-Governed In __________ teams leadership is shared (vs top-down): A) Self-Managing B) Self-Directed C) Self-Governed - Answers -C Conway's Law - Answers -Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations. Vertical organizations - Answers -Command and control Reactive Short-term goals Product organizations - Answers -Beating the competition Managing by objectives Command and control Better meritocracy compared to vertical organizations Matrix organizations - Answers -Tries to overcome vertical structure shortcomings Adaptive organizations - Answers -Focus on culture, empowerment and employee motivation
ITIL Service Value System - Answers -Provides a way to understand what are the inputs and demands from IT and its outputs Lean is about: A) Flow B) Feedback C) Continuous Experiment - Answers -A Lean is focused on increasing customer value, eliminating waste and continuous improvement - Answers -T Lean thinking is a push metodology rather than a pull one - Answers -F Agile encourages self-managing teams - Answers -T Agile measure progress with: A) KPI B) Working software - Answers -B In Agile software is delivered frequently - Answers -T Utility in VOC represent non-functional requirements while Warranty represents functional requirements - Answers -F (the other way around) VOC is how __________ proposes understanding the end-to-end customer experience. A) Lean B) Agile - Answers -A In Critical To Quality "nice to haves" are prioritized on "must haves" since "nice to haves" provides more value - Answers -F (the other way around) Relationship Management - Answers -Generally a full-time role that maintain necessary relationships with the customer and business value BRM - Answers -Business Relationship Manager Person that manages relationship internally Value stream is a principle of: A) Agile B) Lean C) Scrum - Answers -B Value Streams focuses on determine where the waste and why is it happening so that you can then prioritize effectively and find those areas where a quick win is possible. - Answers -T
Cycle Time is the total time spent actually creating products or services - Answers -F Lead Time is the time between input and output - the Process Time and Wait Time totaled together - Answers -T Three types of Lean Process Optimization - Answers -Muda (waste in term of resources) Mura (variation) Muri (overburned and inflexibility) Necessary Non-Value-Add work should be eliminated - Answers -F DIKW model is an example of: A) Knowledge Management B) Value Stream C) Lean Process Optimization - Answers -A Summarize the acronym DIKS - Answers -Data: objective facts (42) Information: data which have given context (42 degrees) Knowledge: information framed by individuals (42 degrees, hot) Wisdom: (42 degrees, hot, sunscreen) DIKW Model is about: A) Data, Information, Knowledge, Wisdom B) Direction, Informality, Knowledge, Wisdom C) Direction, Intention, Knowledge, Winning - Answers -A Mentoring is an example of: A) Knowledge Management B) Value Stream C) Voice of the Customer - Answers -C Visual Management aims to make problems, abnormalities, or deviations from standards visible to everyone. - Answers -T Visual Management is about using text rather visual content since text is more explicative and detailed - Answers -F (the other way around) Kanban is an example of: A) Visual Management B) Voice Of The Customer - Answers -A Work In Progress Limits are specific caps or stopping points for adding new work that ensure that the amount of work never exceeds the capacity of the system to complete it.
Shift Left Testing is about testing earlier in the development process so that issues are detected earlier and can be resolved, and defects or errors don't impact production - Answers -T Quality first model focuses on functional requirements - Answers -F (the other way around) Quality First model overpromises in order to motivate developers to do their job efficiently - Answers -F Test Driven Development - Answers -Practice of preparing test scenarios before a program is written so that the goal for the programmer is to write something that can pass the exact test. The Change Control goal is ultimately to: A) enable changes to be made with a minimum disruption to IT services B) deliver software frequently - Answers -A Three types of changes - Answers -Normal Changes Emergency Changes Standard Changes Change Control is an: A) ITIL practice B) Agile practice C) Scrum practice - Answers -A IAC - Answers -Provision infrastructure via code Release vs Deployment - Answers -Release: make new features available Deployment: make new features to live environments Together, Release & Deployment Management provide guidance related to planning, scheduling and controlling releases as they transition from the development environment into production - Answers -T Blue-Green Deployment - Answers -Setting up two identical production servers (active and passive). Incident Management - Answers -ITIL practice to restore normal service operation as quickly as possible in the event of an incident Problem vs Incident - Answers -Incident: unplanned interruption to a service Problem: condition of one or more incidents
Problem Management - Answers -ITIL practice which works to identity the root cause of incidents Problem Management suggests to make Development team accountable in order to encourage collaboration and experimentation (Third Way) - Answers -T Kaizen - Answers -Encourage everyone to share ideas for improving. Kai = Change Zen = For The Better DMAIC Cycle - Answers -Define: what is the problem? Measure: gather facts Analyze: identify the causes Improve: Implement actions Control: ensure stability of the improved process Continual Improvement - Answers -Solution to IT value delivery problems. It demands not just that you continually improve, but that you measure against that improvement Continual Improvement Register - Answers -Document that provides structure and visibility to continual improvement efforts Antifragility - Answers -Means not only respond to and resist incidents and disruptions of all kinds, but to use them as an opportunity for learning and adaptation Chaos Engineering - Answers -Discipline created by Netflix that focuses on achieving antifragility Automation should be address before culture and practices - Answers -F Automation:
- create flows
- remove constraints
- allows for faster recovery
- ensures measurability - Answers -T Everything As A Code - Answers -Increasingly, software is defining everything. Everything is becoming code, becoming virtualized, becoming abstract as opposed to physical. T Container - Answers -Consists of an entire runtime environment: an application, plus all its dependencies, libraries and other binaries, and configuration files needed to run it, bundled into one package. Microservices Architecture scales by distributing the entire app across nodes - Answers -F
