Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam, Exams of Mining Engineering

Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam 460 questions and answers/Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam/Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam

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Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam
1.
Abrasion (Abr):
A series of minute nicks along the facet junctions of a
fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance.
(Assignment 10)
2.
Adamantine luster:
The highest degree of luster possible in a
transparent mate- rial. (Assignment 8)
3.
Aggregate:
A solid mass of individual, randomly oriented crystals,
intergrown or held together by a natural binding agent. (Assignment 7)
4.
Alluvial deposit:
A deposit where gems are eroded from their source
rock, then transported away from the source and further concentrated.
(Assignment 5)
5.
Angle of incidence:
The angle at which a ray of light strikes a surface,
measured from the normal. (Assignment 8)
6.
Angle of reflection:
The angle between the normal and a reflected ray
of light. (Assignment 8)
7.
Annealing:
Using heat to stabilize irradiated color in gemstones.
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Diamond & Diamond Grading Exam

  1. Abrasion (Abr): A series of minute nicks along the facet junctions of a fashioned diamond; gives the edges a white or fuzzy appearance. (Assignment 10)
  2. Adamantine luster: The highest degree of luster possible in a transparent mate- rial. (Assignment 8)
  3. Aggregate: A solid mass of individual, randomly oriented crystals, intergrown or held together by a natural binding agent. (Assignment 7)
  4. Alluvial deposit: A deposit where gems are eroded from their source rock, then transported away from the source and further concentrated. (Assignment 5)
  5. Angle of incidence: The angle at which a ray of light strikes a surface, measured from the normal. (Assignment 8)
  6. Angle of reflection: The angle between the normal and a reflected ray of light. (Assignment 8)
  7. Annealing: Using heat to stabilize irradiated color in gemstones.

(Assignment 12)

  1. Appraisal: An estimation of the value of an article, usually for insurance purposes. (Assignment 1)
  2. Average girdle diameter: The result achieved by adding the smallest and largest girdle measurements of a round brilliant and dividing by two. (Assignment 14)
  3. Bast: Frosted rough diamond. "Bark" in Dutch. (Assignment 9)
  4. Bearded Girdle (BG): Very small feathers that extend from the girdle surface into the stone; can result from the cutting process. (Assignment 10)
  5. Belly: The slightly curving center of the long side of a pear, marquise, heart, or oval. (Assignment 16)
  6. Beneficiation: A commitment to reserve a portion of the resources derived from any country for the economic development of that country. (Assignment 3)
  7. Best Practices Principles (BPP): De Beers' formalized commitment of itself and its sightholders to the highest ethical standards. (Assignment 3)
  8. Blemish: Clarity characteristic that's confined to the surface of a
  1. Brilliant cut: A cutting style in which triangular and kite-shaped facets radiate from a gem's center toward its girdle. (Assignment 16)
  2. Brillianteering: Placement and polishing of the star and upper and lower girdle facets. (Assignment 9)
  3. Bruise (Br): A tiny area of impact accompanied by very small, root- like feathers visible at 10X magnification; typically occurs at a facet junction. (Assignment 10)
  4. Bruting: Forming the basic face-up outline of a diamond to prepare it for faceting. (Assignment 9)
  5. Bulk sampling: Large-scale character sampling. (Assignment 5)
  6. Burn Marks (Brn): Hazy surface areas that result from excessive heat or from uneven polishing caused by structural irregularities; also called polish marks or burned facets. (Assignment 10)
  7. Cavity (Cv): An angular opening created when part of a feather breaks away. (Assignment 10)
  8. Central Selling Organisation (CSO): An agency designed to purchase, sort, evaluate, and sell rough diamonds. (Assignment 2)
  9. Character sampling: Testing for the size, shape, clarity, and color of the dia- monds in a deposit. (Assignment 5)
  1. Characteristic color: The basic color of a fancy-colored diamond. (Assignment 13)
  2. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD): An industrial process adapted to allow growth of synthetic diamond from carbon-rich gas in thin layers onto a silicon or diamond surface. (Assignment 19)
  3. Chip (Ch): A shallow opening caused by damage to the stone's surface; typically occurs at a girdle edge, facet junction, or culet. (Assignment 10)
  4. Clarity characteristic: Internal or external feature of a gemstone that helps determine its quality and establish its identity. (Assignment 10)
  5. Cleavage (Cl): Large, severe, straight break along a plane of atomic weakness; considered an inclusion. (Assignment 10)
  6. Cleavage plane: Plane parallel to a possible crystal face, where a diamond can split cleanly when struck. (Assignment 7)
  7. Cleaver: A person who cleaves, or splits, a diamond along a cleavage plane. The cleaver might also be responsible for planning the fashioning of a polished gem. (Assignment 9)
  8. Cleaving: Dividing a diamond into two or more pieces along a
  1. Color center: Structural defect that influences an object's absorption of light and can cause its color. (Assignment 12)
  2. Conflict diamonds: Diamonds used to finance violence and terror. (Assignment 3)
  3. Consignment: A selection of goods loaned to a dealer by another wholesaler or manufacturer. (Assignment 20)
  4. Core: Earth's innermost layer. (Assignment 4)
  5. Covalent bond: A chemical bond formed by two atoms sharing electrons. (As- signment 7)
  6. Craftsmanship: The care that goes into the fashioning of a polished diamond, as confirmed by its finish. (Assignment 15)
  7. Cratons: Ancient, large, and stable parts of the earth's continental crust. (As- signment 4)
  8. Critical angle: Angle between the normal and the maximum angle of refraction, which is the largest angle at which rays inside the diamond can escape. (Assignment 8)
  9. Cross worker: A person who performs the cross-working operations during diamond polishing; sometimes called a cross cutter. (Assignment 9)
  1. Cross working: Placing the bezel and pavilion facets on round and fancy shapes. Sometimes combined with blocking, especially on smaller stones. Also called cross cutting. (Assignment 9)
  2. Crown angle: The angle formed by the bezel facets and the girdle plane. (Assignment 14)
  3. Crown height percentage: The distance from the girdle plane to the table, expressed as a percentage of average girdle diameter. (Assignment 14)
  4. Crust: The surface and outermost layer of the earth. (Assignment 4)
  5. Crystal: Solid matter with atoms arranged in a regular, repeating pattern. (As- signment 7)
  6. Crystal (Xtl): A mineral crystal contained in a diamond. (Assignment
  7. Crystal planes: Internal directions parallel to a mineral's unit cell surfaces. (Assignment 7)
  8. Crystal shape (form): Geometric shape of a well-formed crystal. (Assignment 7)
  9. Crystal structure (lattice): Regular, repeating arrangement of atoms in a min- eral. (Assignment 7)
  1. Culet size: The size of the facet at the bottom of the diamond where the pavilion mains meet. (Assignment 15)
  2. Cuttable rough: Diamond rough with good enough size, shape, clarity, and color to produce a polished stone suitable for use in jewelry. (Assignment 5)
  3. Cutting center: A city, region, or country with a large number of gemstone manufacturers. (Assignment 3)
  4. Cutting style: The arrangement of a gem's facets. (Assignment 16)
  5. Darkfield illumination: Lighting of a diamond from the side against a black, non-reflective background. (Assignment 10)
  6. Dense media separation: A recovery process that separates diamonds from lighter material. Also called heavy media separation. (Assignment 6)
  7. Depth of field: The distance that's clear and sharp above and below a point you focus on with a magnifier. (Assignment 10)
  8. Design: A diamond's physical shape, including its proportions and durability, determined by decisions made during the fashioning process. (Assignment 15)
  9. Diamantaire: A knowledgeable, experienced, and successful person,

usually a dealer or manufacturer, in the diamond trade. (Assignment

  1. Diamond pipeline: The path diamonds followed from the mine to the consumer. (Assignment 2)
  2. Diamond simulant: Any material that is not diamond or synthetic diamond, but which imitates a diamond's appearance and is used in its place. (Assignment 18)
  3. Digger: An independent diamond prospector. (Assignment 2)
  4. Digging out: A weight-retention method where the cutter leaves more girdle thickness to allow for later removal of clarity characteristics around the girdle. (Assignment 14)
  5. Dispersion: An optical property that's the difference between the RI values of specific violet and red wavelengths of visible light for a given material. (Assignment 8)
  6. Dop: A holder that secures a diamond during sawing, bruting, or polishing. (Assignment 9)
  7. Doublet: Two separate pieces of material fused or cemented together to form a single assembled stone. (Assignment 18)
  8. Doubling: The appearance of double images of a gemstone's facet
  1. Electronic retailer: Business that sells to consumers via television cable, phone line, or satellite. (Assignment 3)
  2. Emplacement: A geologic process that delivers materials (sometimes dia- monds) to the surface. (Assignment 4)
  3. Etch Channels: Angular openings that start at the surface of the diamond and extend into it, often with striations perpendicular to their length; considered inclusions. (Assignment 10)
  4. Extra Facet (EF): A small facet that's not required by the cutting style, placed without regard for the diamond's symmetry; most often found near the girdle. (As- signment 10)
  5. Eye-visible: Visible to the unaided eye, without magnification. (Assignment 11)
  6. Face-down (or table-down): A position that orients a gemstone's pavilion to- ward the viewer. (Assignment 13)
  7. Face-up: A position that orients a gemstone's crown facets and table toward the viewer. (Assignment 10)
  8. Face-up (or table-up): A position that orients a gemstone's crown toward the viewer. (Assignment 13)
  9. Fancy cut: Any gemstone shape other than round. (Assignment 16)
  1. Fancy-colored diamonds: Diamonds that exhibit yellow or brown color beyond the Z range, or that exhibit any other color. (Assignment 12)
  2. Feather: A trade term for any break in a diamond. (Assignment 10)
  3. Feather (Ftr): General trade term for a break in a gemstone. Often white and feathery in appearance. (Assignment 10)
  4. Finish: The quality of the polish and precision of the cut of a fashioned gem- stone. (Assignment 15)
  5. Fire: The flashes of color you see in a polished diamond. (Assignment
  6. Flash effect: A flash of changing color seen in a fracture-filled diamond when you look parallel to the filled inclusion and rock the diamond back and forth under magnification. (Assignment 10)
  7. Fluorescence: Emission of visible light by a material when it's exposed to ultraviolet radiation. (Assignment 12)
  8. Foilback: Gemstone or simulant with a thin metallic foil or mirroring film applied to its pavilion. (Assignment 18)
  9. Foss: Irregular furrow or groove in the surface of a diamond, characteristic of diamond crystals in the gray color range. (Assignment 9)
  1. French tips: A faceting style that replaces the large bezel facets at the points of marquises, pears, and hearts with star and upper girdle facets. (Assignment 16)
  2. Girdle thickness: The width of a fashioned gem's girdle. (Assignment 14)
  3. Girdle thickness percentage: Girdle thickness expressed as a percentage of average girdle diameter. (Assignment 15)
  4. Glassie: A well-shaped, transparent, octahedral diamond crystal with sharp, square edges. (Assignment 7)
  5. Gletz: Dutch term for a feather in a diamond. (Assignment 9)
  6. Glide plane: Crystal distortion caused during growth when one part of the lattice is offset in relation to the rest. (Assignment 7)
  7. Grade-setting characteristics: Inclusions or blemishes that establish the clar- ity grade of a diamond. (Assignment 11)
  8. Grain Center (GrCnt): A small, concentrated area of crystal distortion; can be white or dark, and might appear thread-like or pinpoint-like. (Assignment 10)
  9. Graining (grain lines): Visible, shadow-like lines in a diamond caused by irregularities in the crystal structure. (Assignment 7)
  1. Graphitization: Graphite formation around a diamond's mineral inclusions and feathers that results from the extreme conditions of HPHT processing. (Assignment 19)
  2. Gravity sorting: Separating heavier materials (diamonds) from a test sample. (Assignment 5)
  3. Grease belt: An apparatus that uses diamonds' affinity for grease to separate them from other minerals. (Assignment 6)
  4. Habit: Characteristic crystal shape of a specific mineral.(Assignment
7) 
  1. Half-life: The length of time required for half of a group of atoms of a particular type (radioactive) to decay into another type (non- radioactive). (Assignment 19)
  2. High pressure, high temperature (HPHT): Diamond synthesis method that mimics the pressure and temperature conditions that lead to natural diamond formation. (Assignment 19)
  3. Igneous: A category of rocks formed from a molten state. (Assignment 4)
  4. Improvables: Diamonds that can be repolished to improve their clarity to a VVS1 or VVS2 grade. (Assignment 17)
  1. Industrial rough: Diamond rough suitable for use in tools, drills, abrasives, and other industrial applications. (Assignment 5)
  2. Internal Graining (IntGr): Lines, angles, or curves that might appear whitish, colored, or reflective or affect transparency at 10X; caused by irregularities in crystal growth. (Assignment 10)
  3. Internal laser drilling (ILD): A clarity treatment that uses a laser to expand an existing cleavage or create a new one, allowing the introduction of a bleaching solution. (Assignment 19)
  4. Internal Laser Drilling (ILD): Laser drilling within a diamond that doesn't reach the surface; not plotted. (Assignment 10)
  5. Irradiation: Exposure of a material to radiation; causes color change in dia- monds. (Assignment 19)
  6. Kaps: Dutch term for a diamond that has been cleaved, split, or sawn, but not fashioned. (Assignment 9)
  7. Kerf: A notch scratched into diamond rough to prepare it for cleaving. (Assign- ment 9)
  8. Kimberley Process (KP): Diamond industry program designed to ensure that diamonds crossing international borders are legitimate and do not fund civil conflict or terrorism. (Assignment 3)
  1. Kimberlite: An igneous rock that transports diamonds to the surface. (Assign- ment 4)
  2. Knot (K): An included diamond crystal that extends to the surface after fash- ioning. (Assignment 10)
  3. Lamproite: An igneous rock, rarer than kimberlite, that transports diamonds to the surface. (Assignment 4)
  4. Laser Drill-hole (LDH): A tiny, surface-reaching tunnel produced by a laser light beam. (Assignment 10)
  5. Laser drilling: Using a concentrated beam of laser light to reach a diamond's dark inclusions and disguise or eliminate them. (Assignment 19)
  6. Laser Manufacturing Remnants (LMR): Internal fractures (inclusions) or sur- face grooves (blemishes) created as a result of laser marking or manufacturing. (Assignment 10)
  7. Length-to-width ratio: A numerical expression of the relationship between the length and width of a fancy cut, where the value for width is one. (Assignment 16)
  8. Linear accelerator: A machine used to accelerate electrons to high energy along a straight path. (Assignment 19)