Digestive
System
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Anatomy and Function of the Digestive System: Organs, Processes, and Accessories, Slides of Anatomy
An in-depth exploration of the digestive system, covering its general structure, functions, organs, and accessory organs. It discusses the roles of the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The document also explains the functions of ingestion, digestion, propulsion, secretion, absorption, and elimination.
Typology: Slides
2012/2013
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Digestive
System
General Structure and Functions
of the Digestive System
Organs of the Digestive System to:
Ingest the food.
Transport the food.
Digest the food into smaller usable
components.
Absorb the necessary nutrients into the
bloodstream.
Expel the waste products from the body.
General Structure and Functions
of the Digestive System
The GI tract organs: oral cavity pharynx esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine continuous tube about 30 feet (9–10 meters) from mouth to anus. Smooth muscle in the wall responsible for motility pushes materials from one end to the other.
Digestive System Functions
Ingestion Digestion: break down of large particles of food mechanical digestion chemical digestion Propulsion peristalsis segmentation Secretion: digestive enzymes hormones Absorption: from external environment into internal environment across mucosa Elimination of wastes (defecation)
Oral Cavity (mouth)
Two regions of the oral cavity Vestibule is the space between the cheeks or lips and the gums. Oral cavity proper. The lateral walls are formed by the cheeks. Contain buccinator muscles Lips (labia). Orbicularis oris muscle Keratinized stratified squamous ET Gingivae, or gums. Dense regular CT Nonkeratinized ET Labial frenulum.
Palate
Hard palate
Anterior two-thirds of the palate hard and bony
Soft palate
Posterior one-third soft and muscular
primarily composed of skeletal muscle.
Extending inferiorly from the posterior part of the soft palate is the uvula.
When swallowing, the soft palate and the
uvula elevate to close off the opening of the
nasopharynx.
Tongue
An accessory digestive organ
Formed from:
skeletal muscle covered with lightly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
Manipulates and mixes ingested materials
during chewing
Forms the bolus.
a globular mass of partially digested material
Performs important functions in swallowing.
Tongue
Inferior surface of the tongue
attaches to the floor of the oral cavity
By the lingual frenulum.
Numerous small projections (papillae)
cover the superior (dorsal) surface.
Posterior surface contains lingual
tonsils.
Skeletal muscles move the tongue.
Salivary Glands
Components of saliva
Water: makes up 99% Amylase: first step of chemical digestion Lysozyme: antimicrobial
Functions
Moisten food Food molecules into solution: taste Form bolus: for swallowing Cleanse oral cavity.