Digestive System: Anatomy, Function, and Processes, Exams of Biology

A comprehensive overview of the digestive system, covering its anatomy, function, and key processes. It details the structure of the alimentary canal, the role of accessory glands, and the chemical and mechanical breakdown of food. The document also explores the absorption of nutrients, the role of enzymes, and the importance of bacteria in digestion. It is a valuable resource for students studying human anatomy and physiology.

Typology: Exams

2023/2024

Available from 12/07/2024

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Hondros BIO 117 Digestive System
Digestive System - correct answer consists of the alimentary canal and accessory glands
Function of the alimentary canal - correct answer mechanically and chemically break down food and
then absorb the nutrients into the blood and lymph
Mechanical processes - correct answer chewing (mastication), mashing, squashing of contents
Chemical processes - correct answer use of chemical substances to break down nutrients into their
respective building blocks
Structure of alimentary canal - correct answer 1. Mouth
2. Tongue
3. Oropharynx
4. Esophagus
Salivary Glands - correct answer secrete digestive juices/saliva
three pairs:
a. Parotid
b. Submandibular
c. Sublingual
Parts of Respiratory tract - correct answer Glottis and Trachea
Oropharynx - correct answer air and food cross here
Esophagus - correct answer Moves bolus towards the stomach by involuntary peristaltic movement
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Hondros BIO 117 Digestive System

Digestive System - correct answer consists of the alimentary canal and accessory glands Function of the alimentary canal - correct answer mechanically and chemically break down food and then absorb the nutrients into the blood and lymph Mechanical processes - correct answer chewing (mastication), mashing, squashing of contents Chemical processes - correct answer use of chemical substances to break down nutrients into their respective building blocks Structure of alimentary canal - correct answer 1. Mouth

  1. Tongue
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Esophagus Salivary Glands - correct answer secrete digestive juices/saliva three pairs: a. Parotid b. Submandibular c. Sublingual Parts of Respiratory tract - correct answer Glottis and Trachea Oropharynx - correct answer air and food cross here Esophagus - correct answer Moves bolus towards the stomach by involuntary peristaltic movement

Digestive tract order - correct answer 1. mouth

  1. oropharynx
  2. pharynx
  3. esophagus
  4. stomach
  5. duodenum
  6. jejunum
  7. ileum
  8. cecum
  9. Ascending Colon
  10. Transverse Colon
  11. Descending Colon
  12. Sigmoid Colon
  13. Rectum
  14. Anal Canal Mucus - correct answer provides mechanical protection against hard or sharp substances that get in the oral cavity lysozyme - correct answer enzyme that kills bacteria Salivary Amylose (Ptyalin) - correct answer Enzyme that starts the digestion of starch Liver (Hepar) - correct answer many functions secretes bile: -bile salts-emulsify lipids (not an enzyme) -bilirubin- waste product of hemoglobin Detoxifies: substances absorbed from the intestines pass through the liver via the hepatic portal veins
  1. Jejunum
  2. Ileum Duodenum - correct answer digestion is most intense here Jejunum - correct answer most nutrients absorb from here Intestinal juices - correct answer disaccharidases peptidases lipase These enzymes finish the digestion of the macronutrients ie carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids Absorption - correct answer after digestion, monosaccharides and amino acids, fatty acids, along with water, electrolytes, other nutrients, vitamins, elements like iron and iodide are absorbed Sphincters - correct answer make sure that the content of the alimentary canal progress in one direction:
  3. Upper esophageal sphincter
  4. Lower esophageal sphincter
  5. Pyloric Sphincter
  6. Iliocecal sphincter
  7. Internal Anal Sphincter
  8. External Anal sphincter Stomach parts - correct answer Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus