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Divemaster Final upade solution Exam A part 2
What is the ocean's major source of productivity and the base of the marine food chain? a. Krill b. Seagrass c. Coral d. Phytoplankton - >>>d. Phytoplankton True or False. Natural processes, such as earthquakes and storms, are much more of a severe threat to coral reefs and wetlands than human-induced threats, such as pollution. - >>>False. True or False. When an alien (invasive) species is introduced into an ecosystem, it may have no natural enemies, which allows it to quickly multiply and possibly overtake and kill off native species. - >>>True. A _______________ exists when relatively warm, low-density surface water is separated from cool, high-density deep water. a. freshwater layer b. thermocline c. downwelling
d. rip current - >>>d. thermocline If you stand on a beach and watch water generally moving down the coast, pushed by waves approaching the shore at an angle and assisted by the prevailing wind, you are looking at a _______ current. a. rip b. tidal c. longshore d. upwelling - >>>c. longshore A day after strong winds drive surface waters offshore, you notice that water conditions become clear and cool. This is likely due to: a. downwelling b. extreme tides. c. a longshore current. d. upwelling - >>>d. upweling Gravitational interaction between the sun, moon and earth cause ______, while wind is the most common disturbing force that causes ___________.
b. The volume of the balloon will decrease. c. The pressure in the balloon will increase. d. The volume of the balloon will increase. - >>>d. The volume of the balloon will increase. Approximately how much denser is the air you breathe at depth of 30 metres/ 99 feet as compared to the surface? a. It is equal to the surface density. b. Two times as dense. c. Three times as dense. d. Four times a dense - >>>d. Four times a dense If a balloon is filled to 1 litre at 40 metres/ 132 feet and then released, assuming it does not explode, what will its volume be upon reaching the surface? a. 5 liters b. 4 liters c. 2 liters
d. 1 litre - >>>a. 5 liters If a diver breathes from a cylinder that contains .05% carbon monoxide at a pressure of three atmospheres, it will have the same physical effect as if the diver were breathing ____________% carbon monoxide at one atmosphere. a. 1. b. 0. c. 0. d. 0.2 - >>>b. 0. Scuba divers who ascend to altitude soon after completing a dive increase their risk of decompression sickness because: a. altitude sickness can contribute to the formation of nitrogen bubbles in the blood stream. b. the partial pressure of inhaled oxygen is greater than the partial pressure of nitrogen in the tissues. c. dive tables and computers are based on surfacing at sea level, thus exposure to lower pressure increases the tissue. pressure gradient and many increase bubble formation. d. the surrounding pressure is greater, thus exposure to higher pressure may increase bubble formation.
a. 20 / direction b. four / direction c. two / volume d. four / volume - >>>b. four / direction If a glass of water is placed in a recompression chamber and the pressure surrounding the water is increased: a. the amount of gas dissolved in the water will remain unchanged. b. gas will come out of solution, most likely in the form of bubbles. c. the amount of dissolved in the water will increase. d. the volume of air in the glass will decrease. - >>>ASK BROOKE Water conducts heat away from the body more than ________ times faster than air. - >>> What causes an object to appear larger and closer than actual when viewed underwater? a. Refraction of light
b. Absorption of colors c. Diffusion of light d. Reflection of light - >>>a. Refraction of light If a diver complains of a headache and nausea, and the diver's lips are redder than normal after a dive, ________________ is likely cause. a. carbon monoxide poisoning b. nitrogen narcosis c. decompression sickness d. oxygen toxicity - >>>a. carbon monoxide poisoning Voluntary hyperventilation is a means of increasing breathhold time by decreasing the amount of _____________ in the lungs. a. oxygen b. nitrogen c. carbon dioxide
Blowing long and forcefully against a pinched nose while having equalizing your ears may result in a(n) ___________. a. sinus squeeze b. eustachian tube rupture. c. round window rupture d. oval window rupture. - >>>c. round window rupture. An hour after surfacing from a deep dive, a diver complains of fatigue and numbness in one shoulder. This diver should seek medical attention because the diver may have: a. carried equipment that was too heavy. b. decompression illness. c. contaminated air poisoning d. overexertion - >>>b. decompression isllness Because certain factors may increase the risk of decompression sickness, divers should avoid: a. driving soon after an illness or injury.
b. strenuous exercise right after a dive. c. dehydration. d. All of the above. - >>>d. All of the above. Which part of the ear is most affected by a squeeze while descending? - >>>Middle ear The symptoms of a lung-epansion injury tend to appear _____________ while the symptoms of decompression sickness tend to appear ___________. a. immediately after the dive / more slowly. b. slowly over an extended time / immediately upon surfacing. c. within the first 24 hours / within minutes after the dive. d. only after surfacing / usually at depth. - >>>a. immediately after the dive / more slowly. What is the most serious lung overexpansion injury? a. Mediastinal emphysema b. Air embolism c. Pneumothorax
The signs and symptoms of gas narcosis include: a. a mild sense of euphoria and false sense of security. b. displays of foolish behavior c. slowed thinking. d. All of the above. - >>>d. All of the above. How would you most efficiently provide oxygen to a breathing, injured diver? a. With a non-resuscitator demand valve system. b. Use a continuous flow with non-rebreather mask system. c. With a positive pressure resuscitator system. d. Through a pocket mask with free flow oxygen system. - >>>a. With a non-resuscitator demand valve system. Which type of cylinder valve allows the regulator to screw into the valve? a. DIN b. J-valve
c. K-valve d. Yoke screw - >>>a. DIN A regulator's first stage reduces ________________ pressure from the cylinder to intermediate pressure and the second stage delvers air to the diver at _____________ ambient pressure. a. high / ambient b. air / ambient c. ambient / high d. air / low - >>>a. high / ambient What is the environmental seal on a regulator's first stage designed to do? a. Increase the ease of breathing even in turbid water. b. Keep water from entering the first stage when not connected to a cylinder c. Help prevent it from freezing up in extremely cold water. d. All of the above. - >>>c. Help prevent it from freezing up in extremely cold water.
A diver complains of a "wet" breathing regulator. What might be causing the problem? a. An exhaust valve that doesn't seal. b. A small tear in the mouthpiece. c. An open downstream valve. d. Either a or b. - >>>d. Either a or b. What are the recommended procedures for using dive computers while diving? a. A buddy team may dive with only one computer if the divers remain side-by-side throughout the dive. b. If one diver's computers fails during the dive, the diver may continue diving using a buddy's computer. c. Each buddy must have a computer and the buddy team should follow the most conservative computer. d. Both a and b. - >>>c. Each buddy must have a computer and the buddy team should follow the most conservative computer. True or False. Before using enriched air cylinders, diver must watch the divemaster analyze the contents to confirm the percentage of oxygen, so they can set their enriched air dive computers properly. -
False.
True or False. The Haldanean decompression model is based on the concept that decompression sickness can be avoided by keeping the pressure gradient between dissolved nitrogen in the tissues and the surrounding pressure with acceptable limits. - >>>ASK BROOKE Using the RDP above __________ requires the use of special procedures. a. 300 metres / 1,000 feet b. 500 metres / 1,500 feet c. 2400 metres / 8,000 feet d. 3000 metres / 10,000 feet - >>>a. 300 metres / 1000 feet Flying after diving recommendations suggest that divers wait __________ hours after completing a single dive and _________ hours after completing multiple dives for several days before flying in a commercial jet airliner. a. 12 / 24 b. 4 / an extended period beyond 12 c. 12 / 18 d. 24 / an extended period beyond 24 - >>>c. 12 / 18 If a diver exits the water in pressure group R, what would the diver's new pressure group be after a 45 minute surface interval? a. H b. J c. I d. G - >>>b. J
What is the no decompression limit for a dive to 62 ft? a. 40 b. 45 c. 50 d. 56 - >>>b. 45 Use eRDPml to Solve: Divers on a live-aboard boat complete the following three dives in one day. What is their pressure group after the third dive? Dive 1 - 99 ft for 16 minutes Surface Interval - 1 hr 15 minutes Dive 2 - 54 ft for 30 minutes Surface Interval - 2 hours Dive 3 - 39 ft for 55 minutes a. K b. B c. Q d. M - >>>ASK BROOKE In the previous question, how many times did "Safety Stop 3 min - See Rule 2" appear on your eRDPml? a. 0 b. 1
c. 2 d. 3 - >>>ASK BROOK b.1? For this multilevel dive, what is the maximum allowable time for the third level of the dive? Level 1 - 115 ft for 8 minutes Level 2 - 55 ft for 12 minutes Level 3 - 40 ft for _____________ a. 25 b. 47 c. 79 d. 87 - >>>c. 79
