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DMSG1321 SONOGRAPHIC CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2025 Which group of structures is located in the retroperitoneum? - Uterus, ascending colon, and descending colon - Ovaries and most of the intestines - Liver (except the bare area), gallbladder, and spleen - Liver (except the bare area), spleen, and stomach - ...- ANSWER .... WZ W Uterus, ascending colon, and descending colon The lesser sac - is a diverticulum of the greater sac located posterior to the stomach. - extends from the diaphragm to the pelvis and covers the width of the abdomen. - is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the stomach to adjacent abdominal organs. 2) - attaches to the anterior surface of the transverse colon. - ...ANSWER .... WZ WA is a diverticulum of the greater sac located posterior to the stomach. Which organ has two sets of capillary beds? - Liver - Pancreas - Kidney - Spleen - ... ANSWER .... YW AW Kidney The renal arteries are located to the renal veins. - lateral - posterior - inferior - anterior - ....ANSWER .... WY W posterior A body system's function may serve as an accessory function to another body system. 4| - mesentery. - omentum. - lesser sac. - ....ANSWER .... WZ W mesentery Tendons connect bones to bones. - False - True - ... ANSWER ....f7 W False Systems that share the same function can replace each other if one system's performance fails. - True - False - ... ANSWER ....Y7 W True Endocrine glands release hormones via ducts into the bloodstream. - True - False - ... ANSWER .... 7 AW False 5| The pumping (contracting) phase of the heart is called diastole. - True - False - ... ANSWER .... 7 W False Which hormone can be detected in blood or urine, indicating a pregnancy? - Human chorionic gonadotropin (BhCG) - Growth hormone (GH) - Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) - Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) - ....ANSWER .... 7 A Human chorionic gonadotropin (BhCG) The greater sac: - is a diverticulum of the mesentery located posterior to the stomach. - is the omental bursa. - is a double layer of peritoneum that extends from the stomach to adjacent abdominal organs. 7\ - Common bile duct - Renal artery - Splenic vein - Thyroid isthmus - ....ANSWER .... WZ w& Common bile duct The urinary system regulates blood volume and composition by filtering waste from the blood that passes through the kidneys, which form urine. - False - True - ....ANSWER .... Y% AW True Which is the 'master' endocrine gland? - Pineal gland - Pituitary gland - Brain - Pancreas - ....ANSWER ....f W Pituitary gland Which group of structures is intraperitoneal in location? - Gallbladder, stomach, and ovaries - Uterus, abdominal lymph nodes, and somatic nerves - Ureters, adrenal glands, and prostate gland - Adrenal glands, pancreas, and ovaries - ....ANSWER we PG J Gallbladder, stomach, and ovaries Which anatomic area is NOT seen on a transverse scanning plane image? - Medial - Superior - Anterior - Right lateral - ... ANSWER ....~W WZ Superior The pleural sac is associated with the: - lungs. - heart. - kidneys. - spleen. - ...ANSWER ....W% W lungs Which structure is NOT intraperitoneal? 10 | If body systems are affiliated, they can share pathologic conditions. - True - False - ... ANSWER .... WY W True Which body system does nothing directly to contribute to the survival of the human body? - Digestive system - Endocrine system - Central nervous system - Reproductive system - ...ANSWER .... 47 A Reproductive system In gross anatomy, the abdominal aorta is located to the left kidney. - lateral - inferior - anterior - medial - .... ANSWER ....Y% W medial | In gross anatomy, the splenic vein is oriented and courses to the body of the pancreas. - vertically oblique, posterior - vertically, medial - horizontal oblique, anterior - horizontally, posterior - ....ANSWER ... 7% A horizontally, posterior The single difference between structures seen on an ultrasound image section and a cadaver section is: - adjacent relationships. - shape. - sonographic appearance. - size. - ....ANSWER ....W WZ sonographic appearance Metabolism is defined as the chemical reactions that occur in the body to maintain life. - False 13 | - Abdominal aorta - Superior mesenteric artery - ....ANSWER .... 47 A Right renal artery In gross anatomy, the tail of the pancreas is located to the splenic artery. anterior medial inferior left lateral - ....ANSWER ....W% WA inferior The aorta is left lateral to the spine. It is the left lobe of the liver. - posterior - anterior - medial - lateral - ....ANSWER .... WW posterior The median sacral artery is superior to the: to 14] adrenal arteries. renal arteries. common iliac arteries. gonadal arteries. - ...ANSWER .... WwW common iliac arteries Which of the following occurs during an initial scanning survey? - Sagittal and transverse scanning plane images of pertinent anatomy are obtained. - Measurements of abnormal anatomy are obtained. - Images required by the institution's protocol are obtained. - No images are taken during an initial scanning survey. - ...ANSWER .... WZ WZ No images are taken during an initial scanning survey Sonographically, in a longitudinal section, the abdominal aorta appears as a: - pulsatile, axial, anechoic lumen with bright, echogenic walls. - none of the above 16 | - posterior enhancement. - infiltrative process. - acoustic shadowing. - sound attenuation. - ....ANSWER ....WW posterior enhancement. Sagittal planes divide the body into unequal and sections. superior and inferior posterior and anterior right and left oblique and axial - ....ANSWER .... WY W right and left Angiotensin II is a hormone that causes: - bleeding. - vasodilatation. - vasoconstriction. - the release of renin. - ... ANSWER .... A A vasoconstriction 17 | The aorta is left lateral to the spine. It is to the psoas major muscle. - lateral - anterior - posterior - medial - ....ANSWER ....W% W anterior Organ parenchyma is described in terms of: - focal zone. - echo texture. - refraction. - location. - ....ANSWER ....W W echo texture When an organ is described as hypoechoic to another organ, this means that: - one organ is less echogenic relative to the other. - one organ is visualized posterior to the other. - one organ is visualized inferior to the other. 19 | - False - True - ....ANSWER .... YW W True Which anatomic area is NOT demonstrated in a coronal scanning plane image? - Anterior - Lateral - Inferior - Medial - ....ANSWER .... 4% W Anterior Sagittal and coronal scanning plane images show only longitudinal sections of structures. - False - True - ... ANSWER .... 7% AW False The inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound. - False 20 | - True - ... ANSWER .... YA W False The celiac artery (CA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound. - True - False - ... ANSWER .... YA W True The average anteroposterior diameter of the adult abdominal aorta is: - 1.5 cm. - 2m. - 3m. - 1 cm. - .... ANSWER .... A YW 2 cm The splenic artery (SPA) can be seen with reasonable consistency on ultrasound. - True - False - ... ANSWER .... YW True 
