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Overview of Operating Systems
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Overview of Operating Systems: Types, History, and Layers, Thesis of Cooperative Governance
An introduction to operating systems, discussing their role as a bridge between users and computers, the different layers of an operating system, and the history of unix and multics. It also covers the concepts of single-user and multi-user systems, virtual machines, and the different types of buses. Additionally, it touches upon advanced operating systems and real-time and embedded systems.
Typology: Thesis
2017/2018
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Chapter 1 Over view
Overview of Operating Systems
Operating System
- It is a bridge between a human and a computer
- A system by which you can communicate with a computer
- A master controlling program that manages computer
resourcesLayers of Operating System
Computer Hardware Operating System Kernel Language libraries and system call interface UNIX Shell, commands and application programs ,GUI
Brief History of MULTICS Operating Systems
Introduction of UNIX
(^) In 1960’s Bell labs developed a large operating system MULTICS (multi user multi process). (^) In the same year they decided not to pursue on MILTICS as it was full of problems. (^) Programmers were pulled out but some lingered on there own. (^) These programmers came up with a operating system which used to serve only one person and do one task at a time, but was pretty good and they named it as UNIX.
The Bus
The System Bus has 3 types of Buses
(^) Data Bus: It carries the data
Control Bus: It carries the control information such as read , write
instructions Address Bus: It carries the address/path, where the data needs to go.
Layers of Operating System in Detail
Computer Hardware: hard disk, CD-ROM, RAM, printer … Kernel Unix shell Application programs , ftp, web browser , telnet Language libraries : c c++ , java … System call interface (entry points to kernel) File Manager Inter process communicatio n Process manager CPU Scheduler Ptimary and secondary storage management Device drives: Mouse drivers, Printer drives ….
4 (a)- What is a real time system
- Systems where timeliness of response to user/external requests play a very crucial role. -They often referred to large, high powered, expensive systems. -used in defence, medical equipment and industrial robots -Fax machine, cameras, printers, wireless routers also fall mostly in real time systems.
4 (b) What is embedded system?
- The system where programmable computing elements are embedded inside. - An embedded system is said to be "real-time" when it is designed in order to guarantee that real-time application requests will be served within deadlines