Download drrr reviewer for exam and more Lecture notes Earth science in PDF only on Docsity!
DRRR REVIEWER
(1st Quarter, 2nd examination)
P E R B - A R ;CE L U
VOLCANO- is an opening in earth’s crust 2 Classification of Volcano: ACTIVE - (erupting and dormant) EXTINCT V - volcanic quakes with reverberating noises.
O - occurrence of dry springs or well within the vicinity of the volcano. Tremors
may occur frequently.
L - landslides and falling of rocks are common even without heavy rains.
C - crater changes occur. It glows signifies presence of magma; increased and grayish steam emissions.
A - around the volcano there is a swelling, tilting , fissuring due to magma intrusion.
N - noticeable drying up of crops and vegetation a few meters from the volcano. Differences in the chemical content of the body of water near the volcano.
O - old thermal areas are reactivated and new thermal areas developed
E - eruptions of volcano can generate a relentless trauma on our lives.
R - really affect the possessions we own, our habitation and the way we live.
U - usually take place with timely warnings not like earthquakes that are unexpected.
P - people should know that before a volcano erupts there are warning signs.
T - there is time to prepare before volcanic eruption occurs.
I - increasing temperature around the volcano that results to withering of plants around.
O - occurrence of unusual sounds and continuous emissions of steam,
N - not typical behaviors of animals and earthquakes
S - Signs of an impending volcanic eruption.
HAZARDS OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION:
● Lahar ● Ash Fall ● Pyroclastic Flow ● Ballistic Projectiles ● Volcanic Gasses ● Lava Flows
SINKHOLE- A sinkhole is described as a naturally occurring depression or hole on the earth's exterior landscape as a result of chemical disbanding of carbonated rocks and karst progressions. It usually occurs in areas where large deposits of lime stones, carbonate rocks, and salt beds are seen together with circulating ground water.
VULNERABLES ARE FOR SINKHOLE
HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
S - similar names (hurricane, storm, tropical cyclone, willie willie, tornado, bagyo)
T - tumultuous strong wind
O - originate from the word "TIPON", "TUFAN","TAI FUNG" "TOO FAN"
R - rainfall is heavy
M - may visit the Philippines 12- 20 times in a year
A typhoon is described as a " tumultuous storm " due to its large storm system that moves in spiral or circular motion producing violent winds within hundreds of kilometers or miles in diameter.
Meteorologist also illustrates typhoons as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of South Pacific Ocean known as the Northwestern Pacific Basin. A virulent storm originating from the Atlantic Ocean and Eastern
Pacific is known as " Hurricane ". If it originates in the Indian Ocean, they are known as " Tropical Cyclones ".
In 1550, " tipon " is described as a violent storm". The Greeks called typhoon " whirlwind ", based on a character personified as a giant, father of the winds. The word " cyclone " was first recorded during a voyage of Caesar Frederick to the East Indies. Chinese uses the word " tai fung " describing a " great wind " while Indian has " toofan " pertaining to "big storm." The word " Tufan " is an Arabic Persian and Hindi term meaning " big cyclonic storm ".
Filipinos refer to it as " Bagyo ". Australians called it " willie-willie " while people from South America refer to it as 'tornado ."
" Tropical Cyclone " is the term used for strong winds coming from Southeast and Southwest Indian Ocean and Southwest Pacific Ocean.
Crossing the west dateline of the Northwest Pacific Ocean is it termed as " typhoon " while passing through the east dateline of the Northwest Pacific Ocean also known as South Pacific Ocean and North Atlantic Ocean it is termed as " hurricanes ."
" Severe Cyclonic Storm " is the term used in North Indian Ocean.
CLASSIFICATION OF TROPICAL
CYCLONES
● Tropical Depression ● Tropical Storm ● Severe Tropical Storm ● Typhoon ● Super Typhoon
SIGNS OF IMPENDING THUNDERSTORMS
- Towering cumulous clouds
- Shadows of dark skies
- Sparks of lightning, and gusty winds
- Roar of thunder, and
- Static on you communication gadget
THUNDERSTORM HAZARDS
- Lightning
- Heavy rains/ precipitation
- Flask Flood
- Tornadoes/ waterspouts
- Hail
A flood is a transitory pour out of a normally waterless area due to spill over of a body of water, remarkable build up, run off of surface waters or atypical erosion or destabilization of shoreline. Floods can also be overflow of mud flow caused by buildup of water underground.
Two major categories of based on it causes:
NATURAL CAUSES
MANMADE CAUSES
Floods can be classified according to the magnitude and depth of damage:
Minor Flooding - flooding that may or may not be cause by overbanking. It could be simply due to build up of unwarranted surface overflow water in flat low-lying areas. Flood water is usually confined
along riverbeds and low-lying areas of the metropolis. Major Flooding - flooding is a result of overflowing rivers and lakes; serious damage from major water reservoir likes dams, dikes or levees; Flood waters affects many neighborhood and stretch rapidly to adjacent shoreline of comparatively lower elevation.
STORM SURGE
Meteorologist defined storm surge as an unusual ascend of water during a typhoon, over and above the calculated high wave. It is related with the alteration in the hydrological intensity that is a direct result of the tropical depression. FACTORS THAT CAUSE STORM SURGE: Wind/ Pressure Effect - Winds is directly proportional to storm surge and inversely proportional to atmospheric pressure. The stronger the winds of a typhoon and the higher the peak of storm surge and the lower the atmospheric pressure Rain Fall Effect - Heavy precipitation caused by typhoons increases the total surge height near the coast. Tidal Effect - If the storm surge coincides with the occurrence of astronomical tide, surge height will be higher. Shape of the Coastline - The gentler is the slope, the higher is the surge in the coastal areas. LIGHTNING SAFETY POSITION: 30/30 Lightning Safety Rule: If lightning struck, thunder will be heard less than the count of 30. Wait for at least 30 minutes before leaving the house after hearing the last thunder strike.
