Dyspepsia slides notes, Slides of Dietetics

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DYSPEPSIA/INDIGESTION OR

BEZOAR FORMATION

COURSE INSTRUCTOR: dr sheeza imtiaz UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH ASIA

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

• Indigestion (dyspepsia) may be secondary to other systemic disorders

such as atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, liver disease, or

renal disease.

• It may have psychogenic causes as well, such as during periods of

anxiety. Symptoms may be graded from mild to severe for the individual

patient.

• Gastric hypersensitivity is an important factor

ASSESSMENT, MONITIRING

Clinical/History

• Height
• Weight
• Weight changes
• BMI
• Diet history
• Gastric burning sensation
• Bloating
• Heartburn
  • Early satiety
  • Anorexia
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Epigastric pain or burning
  • Postprandial fullness
  • Early satiety
  • Nausea
  • Burping
  • Vomiting

INTERVENTION

• Determine whether the problem is psychogenic or organic

in etiology.

• Do not oversimplify the patient’s discomfort.
• If the patient has a bezoar, alter food and beverage consistencies
• If the patient has irritable bowel or other GI condition, work closely

with the medical team to manage dietary

changes and reduce excessive use of medications.

Common Drugs Used and Potential Side Effects

• Antacids: Beware of nutritional side effects resulting from chronic use or dependency.
• Antisecretory drugs are useful. PPIs may be used, especially if reflux also exists.

Lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), and esomeprazole (Nexium) are commonly used.

• NSAIDs are nonselective cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 inhibitors and may be associated with dyspepsia.
  • Other anti-inflammatory medicines such a ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen (Aleve) can irritate the stomach.
  • Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is a better choice for pain.

NUTRITION EDUCATION, COUNSELING,

CARE MANAGEMENT

• Encourage the patient to eat in a relaxed atmosphere.
• Yoga and other stress-relieving lifestyle changes may be

beneficial.

• Discuss the role of fiber in maintaining bowel regularity.
• Discuss tips for preparing meals that are lower in acid,

stimulants, or other irritants.

How can diet restrict symptoms of nausea

and vomiting?

• Cold foods and those with a mild odor are better tolerated.
• Small and frequent meals prevent stomach distension, as well as the feeling of emptiness, which often aggravates nausea.
• Avoid smelling food during preparation/cooking.
• Avoid going to bed straight after consuming food.
• In the event of repeated vomiting episodes, the consumption of drinks or snacks rich in simple carbohydrates (e.g. sugar, honey, etc.), which are easily digested and quickly absorbed, can provide a significant amount of caloric intake.

THANK YOU