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Human Reproduction: From Ovulation to Birth, Slides of Anatomy

National Institute of Industrial EngineeringAnatomy

An in-depth look into the process of human reproduction, from the formation of a 3-layer embryo during ovulation to the birth of a baby. Topics covered include meiosis, spermatogenesis, implantation, endometrium and menstrual cycle, placenta formation, and changes to the female anatomy during pregnancy and childbirth.

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 10/01/2013

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Reproduction, Early
Development, Pregnancy
l1. From 2 cells
•…a 3-layer embryo
•…a yolk sac, amniotic cavity, chorionic
cavity
•…a placenta
l2. Pregnancy and Childbirth
•Changes to female anatomy
•Labor and birth
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Download Human Reproduction: From Ovulation to Birth and more Slides Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity!

Reproduction, Early

Development, Pregnancy

l 1. From 2 cells

  • …a 3-layer embryo
  • …a yolk sac, amniotic cavity, chorionic

cavity

  • …a placenta

l 2. Pregnancy and Childbirth

  • Changes to female anatomy
  • Labor and birth

Ovulation

 1o oocytes arrested in Meiosis I in female fetus  After puberty, 1 primary oocyte/month completes Meiosis I as follicle matures  Follicle ruptures-- ATTENTION--CELL LOOSE IN CELOM  Oocyte enters Fallopian tube  If fertilization occurs, Meiosis II occurs and oocyte becomes ovum

Spermatogenesis

 Sperms form in walls of seminiferous tubules  Spermatogenic cells within sustentacular cells  Meiosos proceeds as spermatocytes move towards lumen (4 sperm from each spermatocyte)  Seminiferous tubulerete testis head/body/tail epididymis vas deferens (through spermatic cord around bladder) urethra

Seminiferous tubulerete testis head/body/tail epididymis 

vas deferens (through spermatic cord around bladder) urethra

Fig. 24.

Sustentacular cells

 Form thick epithelial lining of seminiferous tubules

 Tight junctiones between keep sperm proteins from entering bood

 Produce testicular fluid which helps move sperm

 Concentrate testosterone to stimulate sperm production

 Produce inhibin which slows sperm production Fig. 24.

Implantation

 Endometium ready for implantation

 Blastocyst implants with ICM against uterine wal

 Ectopic pregnancy--implantation outside built-up

endometrium (potential for bleeding since embryo

stimulates vascularization)

Endometrium

and menstrual

cycle

Fig. 24.

Endometrium

and menstrual

cycle

 Menstrual Phase (Days 1-5): Sloughed Functional layer of endometrium expelled through vagina as menstrua flow

 Proliferative phase (Days 6-14): In response to estrogen from growing ovarian follicle, new functional layer elaborates

 Ovulation (about Day 14)

 Secretory phase (Days 15-28):

  • Spiral aa. Elongate and coil
  • Uterine glands secret glycoproteins
  • More estrogen (and progesterone) from corpus luteum

 If pregnancy, secretory phase continues due to embryonic estrogen production

 If no pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates, estrogen drops leading to menstruation

Placenta formation

 Lacunae form within synctiotrophoblast--maternal

blood fills these spaces

 Vili form with embryonic capillaries down middle

Fig. 24.

Placenta formation

 Villi bathed in maternal blood in lacunae--exchange of nutrients, O2, CO

 After 13 weeks, full placenta--pancake-shaped organ.

Fig. 24.

Embryo proper

 ICM forms hypoblast (yellow--

becomes endoderm) and

epitblast (blue--becomes

ectoderm)

 See handout for all adult

derivatives of embryonic

tissues--HOW FAR WE’VE

COME!!

Animated movie of fetal deveopment Fig. 3. 4 http://www.cvillepregnancy.org/fetal.html

Pregnancy--changes in female anatomy

 Shift in organs

  • Bladder, rectum pushed superiorly, squeezed--change in urination, defecation patterns
  • Stomach compressed--eat more often, less at each meal
  • Immune response may change appetite to avoid possible poisons for fetus

 Postural changes to compensate

for anterior weight

 Breasts enlarge--first milk

production

  • Fig. 24.