Download Earth Science Master Notes for Exam Preparation and more Study notes Earth science in PDF only on Docsity!
Earth Science Study Notes
Chapter 1: Introduction to Earth Science
Earth Science is the study of the Earth, its structure, processes, atmosphere, oceans, and place in the universe. The four main branches are Geology, Meteorology, Oceanography, and Astronomy.
Earth's Spheres: Geosphere (land), Hydrosphere (water), Atmosphere (air), and Biosphere (living organisms).
Chapter 2: Structure of the Earth
The Earth consists of four major layers: Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core. The crust is the thin outer layer where we live. The mantle is composed of hot rock material. The outer core is liquid iron and nickel, while the inner core is solid due to immense pressure.
Chapter 3: Rocks and Minerals
Minerals are naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition. Rocks are composed of one or more minerals.
Types of Rocks: Igneous (formed from cooled magma), Sedimentary (formed from sediments), and Metamorphic (changed by heat and pressure).
The Rock Cycle explains how rocks continuously change from one type to another through geological processes.
Chapter 4: Plate Tectonics
Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move slowly over the mantle. Plate movement causes earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and mountain formation.
Plate Boundaries: Divergent, Convergent, and Transform.
