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CCI Review Echo 1 | 175 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS
- If a patient takes propranolol daily, which of the following is the most likely finding on the echo? A. Vegetation formation on the tricuspid Valve B. Patent ductus arteriosus C. Subaortic stenosis caused by hypertrophic cardiomyopathy D. Carcinoid disease - ✔️✔️✔️ C
- Which of the following controls adjust the number of shades of gray displayed of the to the 2Dimage A. Output power B. Dynamic range C. Wall filter D. Monitor brightness - ✔️✔️✔️ B
- Which of the following is a disadvantage of digital echo imaging compared to video recording? A. Transient events may be difficult to capture B. Contrast imaging cannot be properly documented C. Cannot record more than 5 seconds of the cardiac cycle D. Significant increase in ultrasound exposure - ✔️✔️✔️ A
- What is the RVSP for the patient in the video with a peak velocity through the VSD of 3 m/s and a systemic blood pressure of 110/70 mmHg A. 34 mmHg B. 36 mmHg C. 106 mmHg D. 74 mmHg - ✔️✔️✔️ D
- How does acromegaly typically affect the heart? A. Severe mitral and tricuspid regurgitation B. Coarctation C. Pulmonary HTN D. Left ventricular hypertrophy - ✔️✔️✔️ D
- Deceleration time on a Doppler tracing of the mitral valve is usually unaffected by: A. Mitral stenosis B. Impaired relaxation of the left ventricle C. Aortic stenosis D. Early stages of Pulmonary HTN - ✔️✔️✔️ D
- Which type of cardiomyopathy is most strongly associated with diabetes? A. Hypertrophic B. Dilated C. Infiltrative D. Non-compaction - ✔️✔️✔️ B
- Which of the following echocardiographic views will best demonstrate color Doppler display of aortic regurgitation? A. Parasternal short axis B. Apical 3 chamber C. Parasternal long axis D. Suprasternal notch - ✔️✔️✔️ B
- When reporting spectral Doppler information for an echocardiogram: A. The frequency of the transducer you used for the exam should be indicated in the report 10.B.Each waveform must be classified as triphasic, biphasic or monophasic
D. 3D image rendering - ✔️✔️✔️ A 17.The aortic root is measured in the parasternal long axis view and the calipers are placed ______________. A. From outer edge to inner edge of the anterior and posterior walls B. From inner edge to outer edge of the anterior and posterior walls C. From inner edge to inner edge of the anterior and posterior walls D. From outer edge to outer edge of the anterior and posterior walls - ✔️✔️✔️ A 18.Which of the following is a normal finding with a prosthetic valve? A. Dehiscence B. Perivalvular leakage C. Prominent pannus formation D. Valve Masking - ✔️✔️✔️ D 19.When evaluating the severity of aortic insufficiency using CW Doppler, it is important to: A. Measure the vena contracta B. Measure the acceleration time of the retrograde and antegrade flow C. Compare signal intensity of retrograde flow with antegrade flow D. Measure the slope of the antegrade flow - ✔️✔️✔️ C 20.What is the purpose of the eustachian valve in fetal circulation? A. It serves no purpose because it is just a remnant of embryological development B. To guide flow through the foramen ovale C. To restrict flow from the IVC into the right atrium to prevent volume overload D. To guide flow across the ductus arteriosus - ✔️✔️✔️ B
21.Endocarditis affects the _______and cardiomyopathy affects the _____. A. Myocardium, pericardium B. Endocardium, pericardium C. Endocardium, myocardium D. Pericardium, Myocardium - ✔️✔️✔️ C 22.The early heart tube normally: A. Loops laterally then anterior B. Loops anterior and to the left C. Loops anterior and to the right D. Loops medially then laterally - ✔️✔️✔️ C 23.The slope between which two points of the Doppler tracing of the mitral valve are used to calculate the pressure half time? 24.A.D-E 25.B. E-F 26.C. E-A 27.D. E/E' - ✔️✔️✔️ B 28.What transducer position is preferred for evaluation of abdominal situs? A. Apical B. Parasternal C. Subcostal D. Suprasternal - ✔️✔️✔️ C 29.Which of the following usually demonstrates a normal left ventricular mass? A. Aortic stenosis B. Kawasaki disease C. Aortic coarctation D. Systemic hypertension - ✔️✔️✔️ B
C. Atropine D. Persantine - ✔️✔️✔️ C 39.Which type of murmur is associated with mild aortic stenosis? A. Low rumbling systolic B. Mid systolic click C. Continuous D. Systolic ejection - ✔️✔️✔️ D 40.A Patient presents for an echocardiogram due to a recent onset of shortness of breath and an abnormal EKG. The EKG report indicates the presence of electrical alternans. What is the expected findings on the echo? A. Significant pericardial effusion B. CHF C. hemochromatosis D. Wall motion abnormality's due to CAD - ✔️✔️✔️ A 41.What is a sonographic marker used to differentiate the right ventricle and left ventricle? A. Moderator band B. Chiari network C. Eustachian valve D. False tendon - ✔️✔️✔️ A 42.Which of the following will cause an increased pulmonary artery pressure? A. Aortic coarctation B. Systemic HTN C. Flail Mitral leaflet D. Mild Tricuspid Regurgitation - ✔️✔️✔️ C
43.You identify left atrial mass with an irregular shape and a grape cluster appearance. It is heterogeneous with areas of calcification. These findings are most suggestive of: A. Hypernephroma B. Myxoma C. Rhabdomyoma D. Fibroma - ✔️✔️✔️ B 44.Which echocardiographic view provides the best 2D evaluation of aortic stenosis? A. Parasternal long axis B. Parasternal short axis C. Suprasternal notch view D. Apical 5 chamber - ✔️✔️✔️ B 45.The presence of thrombus in the left ventricle demonstrated on echocardiographic examination is a strong predictor of subsequent: A. Hemolytic anemia B. Embolic events C. Death D. LV rupture - ✔️✔️✔️ B 46.A patient presents with a history of a recent transient ischemic attack (TIA) and atrial fibrillation. The most likely finding on the echo is: A. Left atrial thrombus B. Aortic atheroma C. Pulmonary HTN D. Right atrial thrombus - ✔️✔️✔️ A 47.The ______ represents atrial systole on the Doppler tracing of the pulmonary vein.
the inner two cardiac wall layers and the blood is only contained by the outer layer of the cardiac wall D. A true aneurysm of the LV involves a weakening of the myocardial layer. A pseudoaneurysm is a rupture of the endocardium and myocardium and the blood is contained by the pericardium - ✔️✔️✔️ D 51.Which of the following methods can be used to assess the isovolumic relaxation time? A. CW Doppler cursor placed between the aortic and mitral valves to obtain tracing B. Tissue Doppler tracing of the mitral annulus C. Planimetry measurement of the LVOT and mitral valve annulus, then divide the numbers D. PW Doppler sample placed an LVOT with >5mm sample gate used to record tracing - ✔️✔️✔️ A,B,D 52.Which of the following describes a technique used to differentiate constrictive pericarditis from restrictive cardiomyopathy? A. Use tissue Doppler to assess the mitral annulus B. Measure the deceleration time of the mitral valve C. Evaluate the respiratory collapse of the IVC D. Ask the patient to perform the Valsalva maneuver while using Doppler to evaluate aortic outflow - ✔️✔️✔️ A 53.Which of the following structures is normally not well visualized on the parasternal long axis view? Choose all that apply A. Sinotubular Junction B. Left ventricular Apex C. Coronary sinus D. Posterior mitral valve leaflet - ✔️✔️✔️ B
54.The equation 4(VxV)+right atrial pressure=? Is used to calculate the systolic pressure in the _______? A. Left ventricular outflow tract B. Right ventricle C. Pulmonary veins D. Left ventricle - ✔️✔️✔️ B 55.Color Doppler displays: A. Peak flow velocity only B. Flow direction only C. Peak flow velocity and flow direction D. Mean velocity and flow direction - ✔️✔️✔️ D 56.When recording the flow velocity in the LVOT, the: A. CW Doppler line should be placed perpendicular aortic valve closure plane B. CW Doppler line should be placed parallel to aortic valve closure plane C. PW Doppler cursor should be placed just proximal to the aortic valve closure plane D. PW Doppler cursor should be placed just distal to the aortic valve closure plane - ✔️✔️✔️ C 57.While performing the parasternal long axis views of the heart you notice dilation of the aortic root. Which 2D echocardiographic view will help to best evaluate the extent of the aortic abnormality? A. Apical 5 chamber B. Suprasternal long axis C. Subcostal short axis D. Apical 3 chamber - ✔️✔️✔️ B
B. Peak Tricuspid Regurgitation velocity C. End diastolic velocity of pulmonary insufficiency D. End systolic velocity of pulmonary insufficiency - ✔️✔️✔️ A,B,C 64.Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation would demonstrate a _______ on CW Doppler. A. Parabolic, rounded waveform B. Thin, echogenic vertical line at the end of systole C. Faint, rounded waveform D. Dense, triangular shaped waveform - ✔️✔️✔️ D 65.What type of cardiac tumor is most commonly associated with systemic embolic events? A. Myxoma B. Papillary fibroelastomas C. Hypernephroma D. Fibroma - ✔️✔️✔️ A 66.Which of the following cardiac abnormalities requires the use of the continuity equation for proper calculation of aortic valve area? A. Subaortic membranous stenosis B. Supravalvular aortic stenosis C. Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy D. Decreased LV function - ✔️✔️✔️ D 67.Which method of mitral regurgitation assessment is most accurate for evaluating a mechanical MVR in the apical 4 chamber view? A. PISA radius B. Regurgitant jet area C. Vena contracta D. Peak pressure gradient by CW Doppler - ✔️✔️✔️ A
68.Which of the following cardiac exam techniques provide the best spatial resolution of the cardiac structures? A. Cardiac Catheterization B. Transesophageal echo C. Resting echo with contrast D. Stress echo - ✔️✔️✔️ B. 69.The horizontal axis on the m-mode represents the _____. A. Motion B. Depth C. Frequency shift D. Time - ✔️✔️✔️ D 70.A intra-aortic balloon pump or a heart transplant is recommended for patients with advanced______. A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Dilated cardiomyopathy C. Cor pulmonale D. Tetralogy of Fallot - ✔️✔️✔️ B 71.Hemolytic anemia can be caused by: A. Mechanical heart valves B. Systemic HTN C. Pulmonary HTN D. CHF - ✔️✔️✔️ A 72.A patient presents for an echo due to recent diagnosis of Friedreich ataxia. Which of the following is an expected finding on the exam? A. Pulmonary vein stenosis B. Left ventricular hypertrophy
77.The standard Simpson method calculates the EF% by tracing the ESV & EDV of the LV during what two views? Choose all answers that apply. A. Apical 5 chamber B. Apical 2 chamber C. Apical 4 chamber D. Apical 3 chamber - ✔️✔️✔️ B,C 78.The normal range for cardiac stroke volume is: A. 70-100 liters/min B. 50-60 cc C. 70-100cc D. 4-8 liters/min - ✔️✔️✔️ C 79.The thickness of the interventricular septum will be best visualized when: A. The dynamic range is increased B. The US beam is perpendicular to the long axis of the septum C. Harmonics is turned off D. The US beam is parallel to the long axis of the septum - ✔️✔️✔️ B 80.Which of the following are types of software used to improve image quality on a B-mode, low MI contrast echo? A. Pulse inversion and contrast pulse sequencing B. Compression and rejection C. Coded excitation and volume rendering D. Schleiren method and Prolate method - ✔️✔️✔️ A 81.A 50-year-old male presents with an intermittent nonspecific chest pain. The EF% is 40%. The E/A ratio is 2.2. What grade of diastolic dysfunction does he have, if any? A. Grade III
B. Not enough information given C. Grade I D. Grade II - ✔️✔️✔️ A 82.Global longitudinal strain is measured from: A. Apical views B. Parasternal views C. Subcostal views D. More than one of the above - ✔️✔️✔️ A 83.Which of the following should not be included in the optimal parasternal long axis view of the left ventricle? A. Papillary muscle B. Right ventricular outflow tract C. Descending aorta D. Coronary sinus - ✔️✔️✔️ A 84.Patient presents for a 6 month follow up echocardiogram for a reported aortic peak velocity of 3.3 m/s and AVA of 1.4 cm². On today's exam, the CW evaluation demonstrates an aortic peak velocity of 2.5 m/s with the same AVA. Which of the following could explain the variation in measurements? A. Progressing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy B. Decrease in EF% from last exam C. PW Doppler used to assess the aortic velocity on previous exam D. Progressing restrictive cardiomyopathy - ✔️✔️✔️ B 85.Which of the following transducers can be used to safely scan the patient? A. Rubber coating on the face of the probe separating from housing B. Pin hole in the rubber coating on the face of the probe C. Betadine infiltration of the matching layer D. Bent connector pins at the transducer port - ✔️✔️✔️ C
D. Cardiac transplant - ✔️✔️✔️ D 93.Which type of image resolution improves with proper placement of the focal zone at the area of interest? A. Elevational B. Temporal C. Contrast D. Lateral - ✔️✔️✔️ D 94.How many segments is the left ventricle divided into when assessing wall motion at the basal level? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 8 - ✔️✔️✔️ C 95.Which of the following information should never be entered into the ultrasound system as identifying information? A. Social Security number B. Patient gender C. Medical record number D. Date of birth - ✔️✔️✔️ A 96.What effect does dilated cardiomyopathy have on the heart rate? A. Decreased B. No change C. Unable to determine without more information D. Increase - ✔️✔️✔️ D
97.A 20-year-old male presents for an echo due to shortness of breath and cyanosis. Which of the following is the most likely explanation of the symptoms? 98.A.Tetralogy of Fallot 99.B. Ebstein anomaly
- C. 3 mm VSD
- D. 3 mm ASD - ✔️✔️✔️ A
- A patient has a history of ankylosing spondylitis. What are the expected findings on the echocardiogram? Choose all that apply A. Aortic stenosis B. Atrial septal defect C. Pulmonary vein stenosis D. Dilated aortic root with wall thickening - ✔️✔️✔️ A,D
- You perform an echo and the only abnormal finding present is mild mitral regurgitation. What do you expect a peak pressure gradient to be for the mitral regurgitation? A. 64 mmHg B. 100mmHg C. Unable to determine due to variation in MR gradients in different patients D. 50 mmHg - ✔️✔️✔️ B
- _________Small fibrous nodular areas that are normally identified on the central part of the aortic cusps. A. Nodules of Arantius are B. Lambl excrescences are C. Chronic thrombus accumulation causes D. Myxomatous degeneration causes - ✔️✔️✔️ A
