Edexcel A Level Business Highly Recommended, Exams of Economics

Edexcel A Level Business Highly Recommended Edexcel A Level Business Highly Recommended

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2025/2026

Available from 03/29/2026

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Edexcel A Level Business Highly
Recommended
A name, term, sign, symbol, design or any other feature that allows consumers to
identify the goods and services of a business and to differentiate them from those of
competitors - Answer-Brand Name
Conducting business transactions online - Answer-E-commerce
The retailing of goods online - Answer-Online retailing
A set of arrangements that allows buyers and sellers to communicate and trade in a
particular range of goods and services - Answer-Market
A management process involved in identifying, anticipating and satisfying consumer
requirements profitably - Answer-Marketing
The proportion of total sales in a particular market for which one or more businesses or
brands are responsible. It is expressed as a percentage and can be calculated by value
or volume. - Answer-Market share
A very large market in which products with mass appeal are targeted - Answer-Mass
market
A smaller market, usually within a large market or industry - Answer-Niche market
Groups of customers are asked for feedback about products over a period of time -
Answer-Consumer panels
An organised collection of data stored electronically with instant access, searching and
sorting facilities - Answer-Database
Where a number of customers are invited to attend a discussion about a product led by
market researchers - Answer-Focus groups
An approach to business which places the needs of consumers at the centre of the
decision-making process - Answer-Market orientation
The collection, presentation and analysis of information relating to the marketing and
consumption of goods and services - Answer-Market research
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Edexcel A Level Business Highly

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A name, term, sign, symbol, design or any other feature that allows consumers to identify the goods and services of a business and to differentiate them from those of competitors - Answer -Brand Name Conducting business transactions online - Answer -E-commerce The retailing of goods online - Answer -Online retailing A set of arrangements that allows buyers and sellers to communicate and trade in a particular range of goods and services - Answer -Market A management process involved in identifying, anticipating and satisfying consumer requirements profitably - Answer -Marketing The proportion of total sales in a particular market for which one or more businesses or brands are responsible. It is expressed as a percentage and can be calculated by value or volume. - Answer -Market share A very large market in which products with mass appeal are targeted - Answer -Mass market A smaller market, usually within a large market or industry - Answer -Niche market Groups of customers are asked for feedback about products over a period of time - Answer -Consumer panels An organised collection of data stored electronically with instant access, searching and sorting facilities - Answer -Database Where a number of customers are invited to attend a discussion about a product led by market researchers - Answer -Focus groups An approach to business which places the needs of consumers at the centre of the decision-making process - Answer -Market orientation The collection, presentation and analysis of information relating to the marketing and consumption of goods and services - Answer -Market research

Part of a whole market where a particular customer group has similar characteristics - Answer -Market segment The gathering of 'new' information which does not already exist - Answer -Primary research or field research An approach to business which places the emphasis upon the production process and the product itself - Answer -Product orientation The collection of data about attitudes, beliefs and intentions - Answer -Qualitative research The collection of data that can be quantified - Answer -Quantitative research A person or organisation that Answer s questions in a survey - Answer -Respondent A small group of people who must represent a proportion of a total market when carrying out market research - Answer -Sample The collection of data that is already in existence (also known as desk research) - Answer -Secondary research Division of people according to social class - Answer -Socio-economic groups The extra features that may be offered by a business when selling a product, such as high-quality customer service, which helps to exceed customer expectation - Answer - Added value An advantage that enables a business to perform better than its rivals in the market - Answer -Competitive advantage Typically a 2d diagram that shows two of the attributes or characteristics of a brand and those of rival brands in the market - Answer -Market map The view consumers have about the quality, value for money and image of a product in relation to those of competitors - Answer -Market positioning An attempt by a business to distinguish its product from those of competitors - Answer - Product differentiation Changing the view consumers have about a product by altering some of its characteristics - Answer -Reposition The aspect or feature of a product that clearly distinguishes it from its rivals - Answer - USP

A change in price results in a proportionately smaller change in demand - Answer -Price inelastic demand Non-essential spending or spending that is not automatic - Answer -Discretionary expenditure The percentage change in demand for a product is proportionately greater than the percentage change in income - Answer -Income elastic demand The responsiveness of demand to a change in income - Answer -Income elasticity of demand Where the percentage change in demand is proportionately less than the percentage change in income - Answer -Income inelastic demand Goods that can be used repeatedly over a period of time, such as cars and household appliances - Answer -Consumer durables The range of features that are important when designing a product - Answer -Design mix The study of how people interact with their environment and the equipment they use - often in the workplace - Answer -Ergonomics Using materials, components and services from suppliers that respect the environment, treat their workforce well and generally trade with integrity - Answer -Ethical sourcing The process of creating a new product or service - Answer -Product design Making use of materials that have been discarded as waste - Answer -Recycling The using up of natural resources - Answer -Resource depletion Reducing the amount of resources that are discarded in the production process - Answer -Waste minimisation Placing adverts using the media - Answer -Above-the-line promotion Communication between a business and its customers where images are placed in the media to encourage the purchase of products - Answer -Advertising Any promotion that does not involve the media - Answer -Below-the-line promotion The practice of using the emotions of a consumer to build a brand - Answer -Emotional branding

Products that only contain the name of the product category rather than the company or product name - Answer -Generic brands Brands created by the producers of goods or services - Answer -Manufacturer brands The elements of a business' marketing that are designed to meet the needs of the customers - Answer -Marketing mix A promotion specifically at the point of sale of a product - Answer -Merchandising Products that are manufactured for wholesalers or retailers by other businesses - Answer -Own-label, distributor or private brands Any point where a consumer buys a product - Answer -Point of sale An attempt to obtain and retain customers by drawing their attention to a firm or its products - Answer -Promotion An organisation's attempt to communicate with interested parties - Answer -Public relations Methods of promoting products in the short term to boost sales - Answer -Sales promotions Making a financial contribution to an event in return for publicity - Answer -Sponsorship Any strategy that encourages people to pass on messages to others about a product or business electronically - Answer -Viral marketing Pricing strategies based on the prices charged by rivals - Answer -Competitive pricing Adding a percentage (the mark up) to the costs of producing a product to get the price - Answer -Cost plus pricing The percentage added to unit cost that makes a profit for a business when setting the price - Answer -Mark up Setting a low price when launching a new product in order to get established in the market - Answer -Penetration pricing Setting a low price forcing rivals out of business - Answer -Predatory pricing The pricing policies or methods used by a business when deciding what to charge for its products - Answer -Pricing strategy

A method of determining conditions of work and terms of employment through negotiation between employers and employee representatives - Answer -Collective bargaining A workforce that can respond, in quantity and type, to changes in market demand - Answer -Flexible workforce People who undertake their regular work from home - Answer -Home workers Disruptive measures taken by workers to apply pressure on employers when disagreement cannot be resolved - Answer -Industrial action Getting other people or businesses to undertake work that was originally done in-house

  • Answer -Outsourcing The process of increasing the skills of employees - Answer -Multi-skilling Organisations of workers that exist to promote the interests of their members - Answer - Trade unions A contract that does not guarantee any particular number of hours' work - Answer -Zero- hours contract A document that lists personal details, qualifications, work experience, referees and other information about the jobseeker - Answer -Curriculum vitae Appointing workers from outside the business - Answer -External recruitment Training given to new employees when they first start a job - Answer -Induction training Appointing workers from inside the business - Answer -Internal recruitment A document that shows clearly the tasks, duties and responsibilities expected of a worker for a particular job - Answer -Job description Training that takes place away from the work area - Answer -Off-the-job training Training that takes place while doing the job - Answer -On-the-job training A personal profile of the type of person needed for a particular job - Answer -Person specification A process that involves increasing the skills and knowledge of a worker to enable them to do their job more effectively - Answer -Training

The right to command and make decisions - Answer -Authority A type of business organisation where major decisions are made at the centre or core of the organisation and then passed down the chain of command - Answer -Centralisation The way authority and power is organised in an organisation - Answer -Chain of command A type of business organisation where decision making is pushed down the chain of command and away from the centre of the organisation - Answer -Decentralisation Removing layers of management from the hierarchy of an organisation - Answer - Delayering Authority to pass down from superior to subordinate - Answer -Delegation The internal structure of a business as shown by an organisational chart - Answer - Formal organisation The order of levels of responsibility in an organisation, from the lowest to the highest - Answer -Hierarchy A diagram that shows the different job roles in a business and how they relate to each other - Answer -Organisational chart The duty to complete a task - Answer -Responsibility The number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business - Answer -Span of control People in the hierarchy who work under the control of a senior worker - Answer - Subordinates A payment in addition to the basic wage for reaching targets or in recognition for service

  • Answer -Bonus Percentage payment on a sale made to the salesperson - Answer -Commission Listening to the views of employees before making key decisions which affect them - Answer -Consulation The passing of authority further down the managerial hierarchy - Answer -Delegation Giving official authority to employees to make decisions and control their own work activities - Answer -Empowerment

A leadership style where managers allow others to participate in decision making - Answer -Democratic leadership A leadership style where employees are encouraged to make their own decisions within certain limits - Answer -Laissez-faire leadership A leadership style where the leader makes decisions but taken into account the welfare of employees - Answer -Paternalistic leadership Individuals who, typically, set up and run a business and take the risks associated with this - Answer -Entrepreneurs Employees who use entrepreneurial skills, without having to risk their own money, to find and develop initiatives that will have financial benefits for their employer - Answer - Intrapreneurs An attempt to make as much money as possible in a given time period - Answer -Profit maximisation Making enough profit to satisfy the needs of the business owner(s) - Answer -Profit satisficing What a business tries to achieve in the long term - Answer -Aims The goals or targets set by a business to help achieve its long-term purpose - Answer - Objectives An attempt to sell as much as possible in a given time period (or an attempt to generate as much sales revenue as possible in a given time period) - Answer -Sales maximisation A document that provides the details of the internal running of a limited company - Answer -Articles of Association A document that declares a business is allowed to trade as a limited company - Answer -Certificate of Incorporation A business organisation owned by its members, who all have equal voting rights - Answer -Co-operative A binding legal document that states the formal rights of partners - Answer -Deed of Partnership

A business model in which a business (the franchiser) allows another operator (the franchisee) to trade under their name - Answer -Franchise A business that aims to make enough money and provide the flexibility needed to support a particular lifestyle for the owner - Answer -Lifestyle business A business organisation that has a separate legal entity from that of its owners - Answer -Limited company A legal status which means that a business owner is only liable for the original amount of money invested in the business - Answer -Limited liability A partnership where some members contribute capital and enjoy a share of profit, but do not participate in the running of the business - Answer -Limited partnership A document that sets out the constitution and states key external details about a limited company - Answer -Memorandum of Association A business owned by its members, who are customers not shareholders - Answer - Mutual organisation A business that uses the global communications infrastructure of the internet as a trading base - Answer -Online business A business organisation that is usually owned by between 2 - 20 people - Answer - Partnership Production involving the extraction of raw materials from the earth - Answer -Primary sector Production involving the conversion of raw materials into finished and semi-finished goods - Answer -Secondary sector A partner that contributes capital and enjoys a share of the profit but takes no active role in running the business - Answer -Sleeping partner A business that trades with the objective of improving human or environmental well- being - Answer -Social enterprise A business organisation which has a single owner - Answer -Sole trader The production of services in the economy - Answer -Tertiary sector A legal status which means that the owner of a business is personally liable for all business debts - Answer -Unlimited liability