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6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics What is the northernmost UK weather station? Leuchars What is the northernmost English weather . . Leeming station? What is the westernmost UK weather station? Camborne Which weather station is closest to London? Heathrow Which UK weather station is closest to the Isle of Hurn Wight? In alphabetical order, what are the three overseas weather stations? Beijing, Jacksonville, Perth In what unit (and tenths) is the daily mean temperature measure in? Degrees Celcius - average of the hourly temperature during a 24 hour period Between which times (at GMT) is the daily mean temperature measured? 09:00 to 09:00 What would be seen if no data was available for daily mean air temperature? n/a Between which times (at GMT) is the daily total rainfall measured? 09:00 to 09:00 What does a tr / trace value mean for daily total - <0.05 rainfall? mm What unit is daily total rainfall measured in? Millimetres What would be seen if no data was available for n/a daily total rainfall? What is daily total sunshine measured in? Nearest tenth of an hour (of bright sunshine) What would be seen if no data was available for daily total sunshine? n/a 1/10 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics Ww hat is daily maximum relative humidity a measure of? How close the air is to being saturated with water vapour. What is a relative humidity of 95% and above associated with? Mist and fog. What would be seen if no data was available for daily maximum relative humidity? n/a What are wind speeds measured in? Knots - unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour What is one knot approximately equal to, in mph? 1.15 (mph) To how many degrees is the daily mean wind direction rounded? (To the nearest) 10 (degrees) What is the daily maximum gust direction? The direction from which the wind was blowing during the maximum gust What is the daily maximum gust speed? The highest instantaneous speed which occurred during the 24 hours on the date given What other type of direction is given for windpseeds? { Cardinal (compass) direction and bearings What would be seen if no data was available for wind speeds? na What is the name of the unit in which cloud . . | Oktas cover is measured in? | How much is an Okta? ! One eighth What is cloud cover? { The fraction of the celestial dome covered by cloud How would visibility be defined at daytime? The greatest distance at which an object can be | seen and recognised in daylight How would visibility be defined at nighttime? The greatest distance at which an object can be | seen and recognised if the general illumination | were raised to daylight level In which direction is visibility measured? ‘ Horizontally 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics Ww orldwide, the wettest city in 2015 was H Jacksonville In 2015 the wettest UK city was Camborne The warmest UK location on average in 2015 H | Heathrow In 2015, in order of mean temperature for overseas stations Jacksonville, Beijing, Perth Why is Perth pretty cold during the range of months given compared to the rest of the world? It is in the southern hemisphere whereas the rest are in the northern hemisphere. So the seasons occur at different times. What extreme event happen in 1987, when, and where? : The Great Storm of 1987. A violent extra tropical i cyclone that occurred on the night of 15-16 ; October in England In 2015, what extreme event happened, when, and where? 26 August, Heathrow airport was affected by the heavy rains Give the date of a strong heat wave which occurred across the UK, and the temperature. 30 June 2015, 30 degrees and above Why is it important to know where measurements are taken? For consistency and comparison What type of data is in the data set, in terms of collection? Secondary Why is it important to know about windspeed and maximum wind gusts for Heathrow? It is an airport, wind greatly affects landing and taking off. What is the median? The middle data value when all the data values | are placed in order of size. What is the mode? ! The most frequently occurring data value. How do you calculate the median when the total frequency is even? The median is the average of the middle two : values. How do you calculate the median when the total | oo. . y : The median is the middle value. frequency is odd? How is the standard deviation calculated? Mean of the squares, minus the square of the | mean. (MOSSOM) 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics How do you find the mean of grouped data? Assume all data in class takes the midpoint. How do you find the median of grouped data? Use linear interpolation: How do you find the lower quartile of data where n/4 is an integer? The lower quartile is the average of this term and the one above it. How do you find the lower quartile of data where n/4 is a non-integer? Round the number up to find the position of the lower quartile. How do you find the upper quartile of data where 3n/4 is an integer? The upper quartile is the average of this term and the one above it. How do you find the upper quartile of data where 3n/4 is a non-integer? Round the number up to find the position of the upper quartile. What is an outlier? Outliers are extreme data values that do not fit with the general pattern of the data. When coding data, what operations change the mean? : All of them. When coding data, what operations change the standard deviation? Multiplication and division. What is the formula for conditional probability? P(ANB) P(BIA) = Sa } What is the formula for independent events? P(A B) = P(A)P(B) What are the conditions for a binomial distribution? © There is a fixed number of trials. e Each trial results in success or failure. e All the trials are independent. © The probability of success is the same in each trial. © The variable is the total number of successes in the n trials. In the normal distribution, what percentage of the area is within one standard deviation of the mean? : 68% In the normal distribution, what percentage of the area is within two standard deviations of the 95% mean? 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics What are the disadvantages of a census? For large populations, it requires a large amount of time and effort. Census’ can be expensive. It can be difficult to make sure all all members are surveyed. If some are missed, this can result in bias. If the tested items are used up or destroyed, a census is impractical. What is a sample? The selection of people or items in a population to gather data. What are sampling units? The individual members of a population that are selected as part of a sample. What is the sampling frame? The full list of all sampling units. The list must give a unique name or number to each sampling unit, as is used to represent the population when selecting a random sample. What steps can be taken to avoid sampling bias? Select from the collect population and make sure none of the population is excluded. Select the sample at random. Make sure all sample members respond to survey or interview. What are the advantages of sampling over taking a census? Quicker and cheaper than census, easier to get hold of all the required information. It's the only option when surveyed items are used up or damaged. What are the disadvantages of sampling over taking a census? Each possible sample will give different results, so you could happen to select one which does not represent the population. 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics How do you carry out a simple random sample? © Give a number to each population member. © Generate a list of random numbers using a random number generator. e Match these numbers to the population members to select your sample. What is an advantage of simple random sampling? Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, so it is completely unbiased. What is a disadvantage of simple random sampling? It can be inconvenient if the population is spread over a large area, for example, in a nationwide sample. What is systematic sampling? i H \ H | i i H H \ H H H A sampling method where every nth member is selected. How do you carry out systematic sampling? © Give a number to each population member. © Calculate the regular interval to use by dividing the population size by the sample size. e Generate a random starting point that is less than or equal to the size of the interval. Add the interval to the starting point to find the next sample, and so on. What are the advantages of systematic sampling? © It can be used for quality control on a production line. A machine can be set up to test every nth sample. © The sample should be unbiased providing there is no pattern. What are the disadvantages of systematic If the regular interval coincides with a pattern Tan evans, 1th ttarm weadiicad ie fala the 8 6/23/25, 9:52 PM Edexcel A Level Mathematics - Statistics What are the disadvantages of quota sampling? It can be easily biased by the interviewer. They could exclude some of the population. What is the Null Hypothesis? A statement about the value of a population parameter. What is the Alternate Hypothesis? A statement that describes that value of the population parameter if the null hypothesis is rejected. What is a Hypothesis Test? A statistical test that test the claim that the null i hypothesis makes about a parameter against that made by the alternate hypothesis. It tests whether the null hypothesis should be rejected or not, using evidence from sample data. What is the test statistic? A statistic calculated from sample data which is used to decide whether or not to reject the null hypothesis. How do you calculate the sample mean for a normal hypothesis test? i) Xw~ Nip, #) What is the explanatory variable? The variable that is affecting the other variable. Along the x-axis of a graph. Also known as the independent variable. What is the response variable? The variable that is being affected by the : explanatory variable. Along the y-axis of a | graph. Also known as the dependent variable. What is the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient? Measures the strength of linear correlation of bivariate data. 
