Download EDKP 330 Midterm Lecture Notes fully solved already passed-39.docx and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
EDKP 330 Midterm Lecture Notes fully
solved already passed
three levels of physical activity - correct answer ✔✔low, moderate, vigorous definition of physical activity - correct answer ✔✔-bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles -requires energy expenditure -low to moderate effort Definition of exercise - correct answer ✔✔a type of physical activity that requires planned structured and repetitive body movements current trends of physical activity - correct answer ✔✔-decline in physical activity -sedentary death syndrome Sedentary Death Syndrome - correct answer ✔✔cause of deaths attributed to a lack of regular physical activity physical activity recommendations for adults - correct answer ✔✔-at least 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity -75 minutes of vigorous activity per week aerobic -aerobic activity in bouts of 10 mins -moderate or high intensity at least 2 days a week leading cause of death worldwide in 2008 according to WHO - correct answer ✔✔heart disease
-7.25 million (12.8% of deaths) 5 pillars of public health - correct answer ✔✔1) epidemiology and disease control
- environmental health
- health promotion and education
- health administration and policy
- biostatistics physical activity and health 400BC - correct answer ✔✔Hippocrates and ancient greeks physical activity and health 1950s - correct answer ✔✔Dr. Jeremy N. Morris - London Transit Authority Study physical activity and health 1990 - correct answer ✔✔Healthy People 2000 physical activity and health 1996 - correct answer ✔✔Physical Activity and Health: Report of Surgeon General physical activity and health 2000 - correct answer ✔✔healthy people 2010 London Bus Drivers Study - correct answer ✔✔-compared the rates of coronary heart disease between drivers and conductors of the London Transport Executive. -concluded that employees in positions that required high physical activity had lower rates of coronary heart disease -Jeremy Morris -1949-
premise behind epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔disease and illness are not randomly distributed, rather family history, physical activity level, etc. protect or predispose us form certain diseases First study of Epidemiology - correct answer ✔✔John Snow - Cholera in Water in London John Snow Study - correct answer ✔✔Water was making people sick -got water from handpumps -people would travel to broad street pump because the water looked cleaner but the highest rates of cholera were found on broad street how did john snow deal with cholera outbreak? - correct answer ✔✔Took handle off broad street pump to stop people from drinking it and getting sick top three countries with highest mortality age - correct answer ✔✔japan, Sweden, Switzerland reasons why men die younger - correct answer ✔✔-maybe something to do with sex hormones / testosterone -men are more likely to get heart disease change in cause of death from 1900 to 2018 - correct answer ✔✔infectious diseases caused death in 1900s and now its related to age, chronic disease, and lifestyle related diseases reason why cancer and heart disease weren't main cause of death in 1900s - correct answer ✔✔-didn't live long enough to contract disease -didn't have vaccines against infectious diseases
when do risk factors for chronic diseases become apparent? - correct answer ✔✔in childhood and teenage years risk factors for chronic diseases - correct answer ✔✔-obesity -high cholesterol -high blood pressure -poor nutrition -poor fitness cardiorespiratory fitness - correct answer ✔✔aerobic fitness musculoskeletal fitness - correct answer ✔✔Flexibility, Muscular Strength, and Muscular Endurance skill related fitness - correct answer ✔✔-agility -balance -coordination -speed -power -quickness difference between power and strength - correct answer ✔✔power has a component of speed and strength does not components of health related fitness - correct answer ✔✔cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and musculoskeletal fitness
"Eating alone will not keep a man well; he must also take exercise. For food and exercise, while possessing opposite qualities, yet work together to produce health. Exercise should be many and of all kinds" - correct answer ✔✔Hippocrates 460-377 BC "bodily health is the result of a fondness of gymnastic; a man falls into ill health as a result of not caring for exercise" - correct answer ✔✔Aristotle 384-322 BC "I know a man who set himself a task of sawing wood half an hour every day, and was nearly cured" - correct answer ✔✔Scottish Physician William Heberden 1802 Robert Tait McKenzie - correct answer ✔✔-Prof from 1894-1904 at McGill -started phys ed department -Published in exercise in education and medicine 1909 -Director of Phys. Ed at UPenn 1904 James Naismith - correct answer ✔✔-invented basketball -McKenzies Mentor Edward Hitchcock Jr. - correct answer ✔✔-1828- -Dept. of PE and Hygiene at Amherst College from 1861 Dudley Sargent - correct answer ✔✔-invented vertical jump test -wrote Health, Strength and Power 1904 -director of Hemenway Gym at Harvard in 1880
T.K. Cureton - correct answer ✔✔-father of physical fitness - University of Illinois -Trained seniors in exercise science -1945 Physical Fitness Appraisal and Guidance Joseph B. Wolffe - correct answer ✔✔-Founded american college of sports medicine -one of the first to look at athletes hearts -The Heart of the Athlete - 1946 Journal Lancet Jack LaLanne - correct answer ✔✔-Created a television show to show people how to exercise at home for stay at home moms -Godfather of fitness -The Jack LaLanne Way to Vibrant Good Health 1960 "If you cant take 20 or 30 minutes 3,4,5 times a week out of 24 hours, taking care of the most priceless possession you have on this earth, you've got to be sick" - correct answer ✔✔Jack LaLanne The 5 BX Plan 1960 - correct answer ✔✔-Developed by canadian air force -short program to get fit -used for promoting fitness Alameda County Healthy 7 - correct answer ✔✔-Sleeping 7-8 hours -Breakfast every day -never or rarely snack -at or near ideal weight/height -Never smoke
College Alumni Study (Harvard & Penn) - correct answer ✔✔-one of the first cohort epidemiologic studies to examine the relationship between physical activity and incidence of heart attack. -questionnaire/medical exam -Ralph Paffenbarger Jr. -questionnaires sent to a large cohort of college-educated men
Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) - correct answer ✔✔-prospective observational study of physical activity, physical fitness, and health outcomes among men and women -questionnaire and medical exam -fitness measured by treadmill testing using objective measures Healthy People 2000 - correct answer ✔✔established by DHHS in 1991 to identify opportunities for health improvement Healthy People 2000 Focuses - correct answer ✔✔-PA and Fitness -Nutrition -Tobacco -Alcohol and Drugs -Family Planning -Mental Health -Violence -Education "The secret of my abundant health is that whenever the impulse to exercise comes over me, I lie down until it passes away" - correct answer ✔✔RM Hutchins, U. of Chicago 1929-
Sedentary Behavior over past 10 years - correct answer ✔✔sedentary lifestyle is an independent risk factor for heart disease Movement Sciences - correct answer ✔✔motor learning, motor control, biomechanics moderate level of PA - correct answer ✔✔-150-300 mins a week -walking dog, walking around mall, etc. FITT concept - correct answer ✔✔Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type physical activity and health outcomes - correct answer ✔✔-U shaped graphs -risk decreases as PA increases -overtraining can present risk for some conditions -some highly active female athletes are at higher risk for osteoporosis functional health - correct answer ✔✔-health benefits from exercise -recommendation is much lower than that for peak performance aerobic activity time recommendations per day - correct answer ✔✔- Functional health: 20-60 mins -High performance: 20-120 mins aerobic activity frequency recommendations per week - correct answer ✔✔- Functional Health: 3- -High performance: 5-
physical environment and teaching model - correct answer ✔✔people who live downtown can walk to the store vs. someone who lives out of a city have to get in a car to go anywhere components of fitness evaluation - correct answer ✔✔-assess before and after programming -different target populations DEXA/DXA scan - correct answer ✔✔-Dual emission X-ray absorptometry -measures bone densities, muscle mass, body fat muscle endurance - correct answer ✔✔the ability of the muscles to perform physical tasks over a period of time without becoming fatigued progressive overload principle - correct answer ✔✔-training system that gradually increases the demand on the body -increases in FITT variables specificity of training programs - correct answer ✔✔different positions require different training programs -ex: kicker needs more developed lower body and a QB needs strong arms periodization of training principle - correct answer ✔✔states that the training year needs to be divided into periods that allow a coach to prepare players to perform at their optimum during competition overcoming fitness plateau - correct answer ✔✔-increase reps -vary exercise -dumbbell vs bar
-different grip -take a rest week--> active rest off season training - correct answer ✔✔-cut back on volume but increase weight -technique -emphasis on high quality work Detraining - correct answer ✔✔The loss of functional fitness that occurs when one stops fitness conditioning components of recovery - correct answer ✔✔-FITT variables -age -experience -Heat/Altitude -Geentics 1 MET - correct answer ✔✔-resting energy expenditure -3.5 ml O2/kg/min components of physical activity and public health - correct answer ✔✔kinesiology and epidemiology Components of Kinesiology - correct answer ✔✔-exercise physiology, movement science, sport psychology -training studies
-examined effectiveness of two differnt motivational signs next to stairs and elevator methods of escalator study - correct answer ✔✔-2 signs placed where two flights of 15 stairs and an escalator were adjacent -one sign encouraged health benefits -other sign encouraged stair use for weight benefits -17,901 observations total -sex, race, age (under/over 40) and weight were recorded -people carrying a lot and children were excluded patterns of stair use in escalator study - correct answer ✔✔-no sign: 4.8% used stairs -Health benefit sign: 6.9% -Weigh Control sign: 7.2% patterns of stair use with older and younger shoppers - correct answer ✔✔-no sign: under 40: 4.6% over 40: 4.1% -Health benefit sign: under 40: 6.1% over 40: 8.1% -Weigh Control sign: under 40: 6.1% over 40: 8.7%
patterns of stair use with older and younger shoppers patterns of stair use with overweight and normal weight adults - correct answer ✔✔more overweight people took the escalator except the ones who saw the weight control sign patterns of stair use among Caucasians and african americans - correct answer ✔✔-more white people took stairs -Numbers more that doubled when a cultural appropriate sign was used to target a certain population Harvard Alumni Study - correct answer ✔✔-ralph paffenbarger -16, 936 harvard alumni aged 35- -during 1962-1978, 1413 deaths occurred during follow up -exercise reported as walking, stair climbing, and sports play -sent out questionnaires every 5 years to see follow up results -Published in New england journal of medicine harvard alumni study results - correct answer ✔✔-mortality rates declined steadily as energy expended increased from less than 500 kcal/week to 3500 kcal/week. Above this rates only decreased slightly -rates were 25-33% lower among those expending 2000 or more kcals/week compared to <2000 kcals/week -mortality rates were significantly lower among physically active, with or without adjustment for hypertension, cigarette smoking, body weight, or parental death Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) - correct answer ✔✔-Dr. Blair -One of first studies to include women -Cohort longitudinal -Questionnaire and visit Copper clinic to do treadmill test
-at least 150 mins/week moderate intensity or -75 mins/week of vigorous or -combination of both for 150 mins -muscle strengthening activities for all major muscle groups on at least 2 days For additional benefits -300 mins/week of moderate intensity or -150 mins of vigorous aerobic activity or -150 min combination of both 2018 PA Guidelines for Older Adults - correct answer ✔✔-64+ -same guidelines as adults -adapt to what they can do -balance exercise -only use relative intensity to determine level of effort Resting energy expenditure (REE, RMR) - correct answer ✔✔-Amount of energy needed to consume over 24-hour period for the body to maintain internal working activities while at rest -Come into lab fasted and rested but sleep at home -more muscle = more REE -1 MET = RMR
basal metabolic rate (BMR) - correct answer ✔✔-rate at which body uses energy when you are resting in order to keep vital functions going such as breathing. -measured in clinical setting: only measured if patient sleeps in lab -taken as soon as the person wakes up, before they start moving -lower than RMR/REE Physical Activity Level (PAL) - correct answer ✔✔total physical activity expressed as a ratio of RMR Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) - correct answer ✔✔-energy expended doing everyday activities not related to exercise -extra 500-700 calories a day from fidgeting Exercise Energy Expenditure - correct answer ✔✔energy expenditure due to purposeful physical activity Total Energy Expenditure (TEE) - correct answer ✔✔-the total amount of energy expended through basal metabolism, thermic effect of food, and activity energy expenditure -65% BMEE -25% PAEE -10% TEF Thermogenic effect of food - correct answer ✔✔heat released as a result of eating, digesting and absorbing food Physical Activity Energy Expenditure (PAEE) - correct answer ✔✔energy expenditure that is specifically the result of physical activity
