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Which of the following is an example of a physical, as opposed to a cultural, characteristic? A. Language B. Hairstyle C. Skin color D. Religious affiliation - CORRECT ANSWERS C Despite repeated instruction over a period of three years, the mother of three young children has still not had her children immunized. Which of the following questions would help the healthcare provider understand the situation? A. When are you going to get your children immunized? B. What are your beliefs about immunizations? C. We have asked you to get your children immunized. Why has this not been done? D. Don't you understand that your children may get ill without immunizations? - CORRECT ANSWERS B Which statement describes a present-oriented individual? A. The individual understands the connection between past events and behaviors and future outcomes B. The individual anticipates a brighter future and values change as a coping style C. The individual maintains behaviors that were meaningful in the past (e.g., worshiping ancestors) D. The individual excepts each day as it comes and sees the future is unpredictable - CORRECT ANSWERS D Which mode of communication may be offensive to a patient whose cultural perspective differs from that of the practitioner? A. Speaking in modulated tones B. Allowing quiet time for reflection during an interview C. Using reflection to repeat and clarify the information D. Maintaining firm and direct eye contact - CORRECT ANSWERS D
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Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the concept of balancing hot and cold? A. Treatment to restore hot and cold balance requires the use of opposites B. The recommended treatment for a "cold" condition is to serve cold food C. The recommended treatment for a "hot" condition is hot food and cold medications D. Ailments and treatments considered "hot" or "cold" or related to the effect of body temperatures - CORRECT ANSWERS A Which of the following are the infection control guidelines currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for the care of all patients? A. Universal precautions B. Body substance isolation C. Standard precautions D. Illness-based precautions - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which of the following will best facilitate the interview when obtaining a history from a deaf patient who can read lips? A. Speaking loudly B. Speaking slowly C. Using gestures D. Sitting to the side of the patient - CORRECT ANSWERS B Approximately what percentage of patients interviewed have a sexual orientation other than heterosexual? A. 2% B. 5% C. 10% D. 20% - CORRECT ANSWERS C
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Which of the following is unique to a pediatric history? A. Family history B. Developmental history C. Social history D. Past medical history - CORRECT ANSWERS B When interviewing an adolescent who is reluctant to talk during an interview, it is best to A. Tell the patient you must have honest answers to your questions B. Reassure the patient that information discussed is confidential C. Inform the patient that adolescents often have trouble expressing their feelings D. Obtain a history from a parent or other family member - CORRECT ANSWERS C During an interview, your patient admits to feeling worthless and having a sleep disturbance for the past three weeks. These are clues that warrant the exploration of A. Risk for suicide B. Split personality C. Cognitive function D. Functional assessment - CORRECT ANSWERS A Mrs. Carol Turner is a 38-year-old mother who brings her one-year-old son in for healthcare. Which of the following request of the child's mother would be most appropriate for the interviewer to make at the beginning of the interview? A. "Mom, please place your son in your lap" B. " Carol, please place your son in your lap" C. "Mrs. Turner, please place your son in your lap" D. "Sweetie, please place your son in your lap" - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which type of questionnaire concerning drug and alcohol use is advocated, although not clinically validated, for adolescent patients?
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A. TACE
B. CAGE
C. CRAFFT
D. DDST - CORRECT ANSWERS C
Jerry, 26-year-old homosexual man, is having a health history taken. Which question regarding sexual activity would most likely hamper trust between Jerry and the interviewer? A. "Are you married, or do you have a girlfriend?" B. "Tell me about your living situation" C. "Are you sexually active?" D. "Are your partners men, women, or both?" - CORRECT ANSWERS A A conversation with a parent concerning a 5-year-old child A. Violates the child's need for privacy B. Is inappropriate because the child is able to talk with you C. Provide significant information about family dynamics D. Causes distrust and the child toward the examiner - CORRECT ANSWERS C Long periods of silence during an interview may indicate A. They need for the healthcare provider to increase the pace of the interview B. And inability of the patient to communicate C. Time needed to gain courage to discuss a painful topic D. A need to terminate the interview because of the patient's inability to pay attention - CORRECT ANSWERS C When questioning a patient regarding a sensitive issue, such as drug use, it is best to A. Begin by describing to the patient the effects of drug abuse on health B. Be direct, firm, and to the point
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D. Tell the patient that it is inappropriate to answer personal questions - CORRECT ANSWERS A During an interview the patient describes problems associated with an illness and begins to cry. The best action in the situation is to A. Stop the interview and reschedule for another time B. Allow the patient to cry and then resume when the patient is ready C. Change the topic to something less upsetting D. Continue the interview while the patient cries in order to get through it quickly - CORRECT ANSWERS B Which phrase refers to healthcare that incorporates information about an individual's genes, proteins, and environment into the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease? A. Culturally skilled medicine B. Culturally aware medicine C. Genomic medicine D. Personalized medicine - CORRECT ANSWERS D The balance of hot and cold and its relationship to wellness is a belief systems that A. Is reductionist in its focus on a very narrow, specific cause and affect of illness B. Is encountered only in populations from underdeveloped nations C. Has lead to poor sanitation practices in many areas of the world D. Is held by members of many cultures, including Arab, Asian, Filipino, and Hispanic - CORRECT ANSWERS D Developing a knowledge base about cultural groups allows the practitioner to A. Predict with complete accuracy the behavior and attitude of the patient B. Use stereotypic judgments to anticipate the patient's need for instruction and support C. Understand the behaviors, practices, and problems observed
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D. Change the behavior or practices of the patient to conform to healthcare practice - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which of the following is an example of a cultural characteristic? A. Skin color B. Intelligence C. Skull size D. Shared beliefs - CORRECT ANSWERS D An integral part of the overall effort to respond adequately to a person in need is A. Cultural awareness B. Ethnocentric bias C. Political correctness D. Radical alertness - CORRECT ANSWERS A A young mother brings her infant to the emergency department with a high temperature and dehydration. Which of the following questions asked by and examiner demonstrates cultural awareness? A. When did the symptoms begin? B. What do you think is causing this illness? C. Has your child been exposed to any sick children recently? D. What have you already done at home to manage your child's illness? - CORRECT ANSWERS B Which is the best description of a culturally competent healthcare provider? A. A healthcare provider who is genuinely curious about the beliefs and values of patients from varied backgrounds B. A healthcare provider who adapts to the unique needs of patients with backgrounds and beliefs that differ from his or her own C. A healthcare provider who appreciate diversity and is aware of health disparities
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D. Infection control practices is the same in acute and outpatient settings - CORRECT ANSWERS D For which purpose is a transillumination an appropriate examination technique? A. Assessment of vesicles on the skin B. Detection of fluid within the sinuses C. Measurement a bone density in the skull D. Determination of a mass in the liver - CORRECT ANSWERS B Which of the following instruments is used in conjunction with a simple nasal speculum to visualize the lower and middle turbinates of the nose? - CORRECT ANSWERS Penlight On first meeting, the examiner notices that the patient has an obvious odor. Which examination technique is he examiner using in this scenario? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inspection As a component of palpation, which surface is most sensitive to vibration? A. Fingertips B. Heel of the hand C. Dorsal surface of the hand D. Ulnar surface of the hand - CORRECT ANSWERS D Which technique is applied throughout the entire examination an interview process? - CORRECT ANSWERS Inspection The term intensity, when used in relation to percussion tones, refers to A. The loudness of the tone B. The location of the tone C. The musicality of the tone
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D. The length of duration the tone is heard - CORRECT ANSWERS A Indirect finger percussion involves striking the middle finger of the non-dominant hand with A. The fist B. The percussion hammer C. The tip of the middle finger of the dominant hand D. The edge of the stethoscope disk - CORRECT ANSWERS C A patient has a urinary tract infection. The examiner wishes to assess tenderness over the kidney. Which examination technique is appropriate? A. Light finger palpation over the kidney B. Firm fist percussion over the kidney C. Deep abdominal palpation of the kidney D. Auscultation for kidney bruit - CORRECT ANSWERS B The examiner has detected a superficial mass in the skin. What part of the canned is best to use to palpate this mass? A. Fingertips and fingers B. Heel of the hand C. Dorsal surface of the hand D. Ulnar surface of the hand - CORRECT ANSWERS A Ideally, auscultation should be carried out last, except when examining the A. Lungs B. Heart C. Abdomen D. Kidney - CORRECT ANSWERS C
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In which of the following situations is use of a Doppler indicated? A. Measurement of body temperature in a hypothermic patient B. Auscultation of the abdomen in a patient with hypoactive or absent bowel sounds C. Measurement of blood pressure in a patient with a loud systolic sound D. Auscultation of a non-palpable pulse in a patient with peripheral vascular disease - CORRECT ANSWERS D While performing an internal eye examination, the examiner observes a fundal lesion. What feature on the ophthalmoscope permits the examiner to estimate the size and location of the legion? A. Grid aperture B. Slit aperture C. Red-free aperture D. Small aperture - CORRECT ANSWERS A And ophthalmoscope has positive and negative magnification in order to A. Compensate for myopia or hyperopia in the examiner's or the patient's eyes B. Allow for magnification of both the anterior eye in the posterior eye C. Compensate for the degree of dilation of the patient's pupils D. Allow for visualization of the eye in patients with normal vision and in those with glaucoma - CORRECT ANSWERS A In which of the following situations is the use of the pneumatic attachment of an autoscope indicated? A. Removal of excessive earwax from an adult or child B. Inflation of the ear canal for improved viewing an adult with a collapsed canal C. Assessment of pressure behind the tympanic membrane of a child D. Evaluation of the cone of light reflex in an adult or child - CORRECT ANSWERS C
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The difference between a tuning fork for auditory screening and one for vibratory sensation is? A. The sound frequency generated B. The length of the tuning forks C. The strike force needed in the forks D. The auditory screening dork is electric; the vibratory fork is not - CORRECT ANSWERS A Very young children may feel threatened by the use of a reflex hammer during examination. What could the examiner use in place of a reflex hammer that would be less threatening? A. Tuning fork B. Tongue blade C. End of a stethoscope D. Examiner's finger - CORRECT ANSWERS D According to the CDC, the healthcare provider should apply infection control measures when caring for which group of patients? A. Patients with known infections diseases B. Patients with possible infectious diseases C. Patients who appear ill D. All patients regardless of their infectious status - CORRECT ANSWERS D What is the first step in clinical reasoning? A. Assessing the value and signifance of information obtained from the patient B. Assessing a priority to the patient's symptoms C. Matching diagnostic test findings with patient history and physical examination data D. Combining objective and subjective data into an initial hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWERS A What is the foundation of clinical reasoning? A. Shared decision making
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D. Objectivity - CORRECT ANSWERS D Which statement best characterizes a belief that supports a sound decision making process? A. The underlying problem is always related to the chief complain B. Rare problems and to have unusual presentations. C. Common problems occur commonly, and rare ones occur rarely D. The diagnosis should be made quickly to enhance patient confidence - CORRECT ANSWERS C Laboratory tests should be used to A. Confirm a presumed diagnosis B. Develop a list of potential problems C. Rule out all possible causes of symptoms and clinical findings D. Assist the examiner only when the data do not point to a specific problem - CORRECT ANSWERS A Mr. David is a 62-year-old patient who has been diagnosed with alcohol addiction. After discussing his situation, he tells you that he is intending to take action regarding his alcohol use in the immediate future. Which stage of change is he in? A. Contemplation B. Action C. Preparation D. Precontemplation - CORRECT ANSWERS C EBP is defined as A. A system bringing to bear the best available scientific evidence to clinical decision making B. A process for translating decision making into individualized patient care C. The assessment of risks and benefits of treatment versus non-treatment
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D. The use of critical thinking to determine priorities and diagnosis and treatment - CORRECT ANSWERS A Which of the following examples illustrates a vague or non-descriptive term? A. Skin color is normal B. Skin turgor is elastic C. Skin is thin and smooth D. Skin is warm and dry - CORRECT ANSWERS A How are "normal findings" best documented? A. Write "Norma" or "within normal limits" on the documentation forms B. Write "NA" (not applicable) on the documentation sheet C. Because documentation focuses on abnormal findings, do not write anything for normal findings D. Document what was actually assessed in specific terms - CORRECT ANSWERS D One way that a health history for an infant differs from that of an adult is the inclusion of A. Nutritional history B. Chief concern C. Prenatal information D. Personal social information - CORRECT ANSWERS C If a mistake is made in the patient record, it is suggested that a line be drawn through the mistake so that it is still legible. The basis for this action is related to the fact that A. No errors are allowed B. The chart is a legal document C. A pen is messy when used to obliterate writing D. Others may want to read what your first impressions were - CORRECT ANSWERS B
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Which statement complies with recommended guidelines for documentation in a patient's record? A. Skin turgor is good B. Patient appears anxious C. Patient says she"feels down" D. Vital signs are within normal range - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which of the following is relevant information for history and examination of a child size and vision? A. Immunization history B. Growth milestones C. Birth weight D. Academic performance - CORRECT ANSWERS D Before instilling a mydrIatic eyedrop, the examiner should A. Assess the corneal reflex B. Observe the limbus with focused light tangentially C. Assess intraocular pressure D. Observe the guy for vascular changes - CORRECT ANSWERS B The examiner screans a five-year-old child for nystagmus during which part of the eye examination? A. Assessment of visual acuity B. Inspection of the macula of the eye with an ophthalmoscope C. Checking movement of the eyes through the six cardinal fields of gaze D. Palpating of the eyelids and orbit - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which of the following correctly describes the method used to assess accommodation? A. Shine a light into the pupil; note constriction
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B. Note pupil construction as gaze shifts from across the room to an object 6 inches away C. Note ocular movement as the patient follows an object through the six cardinal fields D. Cover one eye of the patient with a card; the remove the card, noting any deviation from a fixed gaze - CORRECT ANSWERS B Which of the following should be used to test for near vision? A. Rosenbaum chart B. Snellen chart C. Confrontation test D. Cover-uncover test - CORRECT ANSWERS A To visualize the macula, the examiner should ask the patient to: A. Blink the eye several times quickly B. Lie in a supine position C. Look directly into the light of the ophthalmoscope D. Direct his or her eye gaze on an object to the left and then to the right - CORRECT ANSWERS C Which of the following is considered a routine part of a newborn examination? A. Assessing red reflex B. Assessing extraocular movements with six fields of gaze C. Funduscopic examination D. Visual acuity - CORRECT ANSWERS A Which examination finding may be indicative of retro-orbital tumor? A. Episcleritis B. Argy Robertson pupil C. Unilateral exophthalmos
