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These are the Lecture Slides of RF and Microwave Engineering which includes Design, Parameters, Data Used, Matching Design, Data, Result, Configure Library, Add Components, List etc. Key important points are: Efficiency, Amplifier, Active Device, Commonly, Resonant Circuit, Input Cycle, Harmonic Distortion, Intermodulation Distortion, Nonlinear Frequency Response, Nonlinear Phase Response
Typology: Slides
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conducting portion of the input cycle.order to keep the sine wave going during the non-resonant circuit must be placed at the output inIt is commonly used in RF circuits where a
Noise power, P
N (^) = kTB
where T = absolute temperature in
(^) o K
k = Boltzmann’s constant, 1.38x
J/K^
B = noise power bandwidth in Hz
Noise voltage,
kTBR
4
V N (^) =
NoiseDevice
Shot and Thermal Noises
Flicker NoiseExcess or
Effect NoiseHigh-FrequencyTransit-Time or
1 kHz
hcf
f
i / (S/N)
o
where (S/N)
i (^) = input SNR (not in dB)
and (S/N)
o = output SNR (not in dB)
NF(dB)=10 log NF = (S/N)
i (^) (dB) - (S/N)
o (dB)
conducting portion of the input cycle.order to keep the sine wave going during the non-resonant circuit must be placed at the output inIt is commonly used in RF circuits where a
L
etc.matching,coupling,Biasing,Emitter
matching,coupling,Biasing,Collecter etc.
NetworkLoad
NetworkTerminating
in Γ
outΓ
L Γ
TΓ
common-base Choose transistor (BJT or FET) wisely so that
(^) S (^) > 1 and
(^) S (^) >1 at oscillation
frequency: This will cause instability.
at oscillation frequency
(^) Z IN (^) = (^) R IN (^) + (^) jX IN , then
L = R
L
(^) jX L ,
where
L = | R IN | /3 and
IN
2
1
1 ;
2
(^1)
L
L
L
C
L
f
T
T
o
=
= π
1 2
L^1 L
L
B
=
1^ L 2
L
B (^) =
The Clapp oscillator is a variation of the Colpitts circuit. C
(^4) is
added in series with L in the tank circuit. C
(^2) and C
(^3) are chosen
large enough to “swamp” out the transistor’s junction capacitances for greater stability. C
(^4) is often chosen to be << either C
(^2) or C
(^3) ,
thus making C
(^4) the frequency determining element, since C
T = C (^4).
4
3
2 3
2 2
1
1
1
1
2 1
; C
C
C
C
LC
f
C
C C
B T
T
o
=
=
=
π
Docsity.co
1 f
2 f
1 f
Let the inputs be v
(^1) = sin
(^) ω (^1) t and v
2 = sin
(^) ω (^2) t.
its output, vA balanced mixer acts like a multiplier. Thus
o = Av
(^1) v (^2) = A sin
(^) ω (^1) t sin
(^) ω (^2) t.
Therefore, vSince sin X sin Y = 1/2[cos(X-Y) - cos(X+Y)]
o = A/2[cos(
ω (^1) - ω (^2) )t-cos(
ω (^1) +ω
(^2) ) t].
difference of the input frequencies.the balanced mixer consists of the sum andThe last equation shows that the output of
