EKG Interpretation: Questions and Answers for Healthcare Professionals, Exams of Medicine

A comprehensive set of questions and answers related to ekg (electrocardiogram) interpretation. It covers various cardiac rhythms and conditions, including normal sinus rhythm, bradycardia, tachycardia, atrial and ventricular complexes, heart blocks, and pacing malfunctions. Each question is paired with a correct answer, making it a valuable resource for students and healthcare professionals seeking to enhance their understanding of ekg analysis. The material is presented in a clear and concise manner, facilitating effective learning and review. It includes key parameters such as atrial and ventricular rates, p waves, pri intervals, and qrs complexes, essential for accurate ekg interpretation. This resource is designed to aid in the diagnosis and management of cardiac conditions through improved ekg reading skills.

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2025/2026

Available from 09/20/2025

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EKG HCA UPDATED ACTUAL Questions and CORRECT Answers
1 / 4
1.
Normal Sinus
Rhythm
2.
Sinus Bradycar-
dia
3.
Sinus Tachycar-
dia
4.
Premature Atri-
al ComplexUn-
derlying rhythm
must first be
identified!Ex. SR
with a PAC
5.
Nonconducted
PAC
Impulse starts in the SA Node• Rate: Atrial & Ventricular 60-100 [normal limits]•
Rhythm: Atrial and Ventricular are regular• P waves: Normal; each followed by QRS•
PRI: 0.12 - 0.20 [normal limits]• QRS: 0.04 - 0.10 [normal limits]
Impulse also starts in SA Node• These rhythms follow all the criteria for Normal
sinus rhythm except for the rate.• Rate: Atrial and Ventricular < 60
Impulse also starts in SA Node• These rhythms follow all the criteria for NSR except
for the rate.Rate: Atrial and Ventricular 100-150
early P wave noted, which may appear slightly different than other P waves but PRI
within normal limits.QRS within normal limits
Premature Atrial Complex in which their is a P wave but no QRS, this is called?
6.
Atrial Flutter
The impulse originates in the Atria• The Atrial rate is 250-350 and rhythm regular•
The PRI is not measurable (N/A) - Characteristic saw- tooth wave (called F waves)
for atrial activity• The Ventricular rhythm may be regular or irregular• QRS within
normal limits If the Ventricular rate is < 100 it is controlled
; if the
Ventricular rate is > 100 it is uncontrolled
.
7.
Atrial Fibrillation
unable to measure [N/A] atrial rate• No discernable P waves - PRI & Atrial rhythm
cannot be measured [N/A]• The Ventricular rhythm is irregular• QRS within normal
limits• If the Ventricular rate is > 100 the rhythm is uncontrolled
; if the
Ventricular rate is < 100 the rhythm is controlled
8.
Supraventricular
Tachycardia
pf3
pf4

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  1. Normal Sinus Rhythm
  2. Sinus Bradycar- dia
  3. Sinus Tachycar- dia
  4. Premature Atri- al ComplexUn- derlying rhythm must first be identified!Ex. SR with a PAC
  5. Nonconducted PAC Impulse starts in the SA Node• Rate: Atrial & Ventricular 60 - 100 [normal limits]• Rhythm: Atrial and Ventricular are regular• P waves: Normal; each followed by QRS• PRI: 0.12 - 0.20 [normal limits]• QRS: 0.04 - 0.10 [normal limits] Impulse also starts in SA Node• These rhythms follow all the criteria for Normal sinus rhythm except for the rate.• Rate: Atrial and Ventricular < 60 Impulse also starts in SA Node• These rhythms follow all the criteria for NSR except for the rate.Rate: Atrial and Ventricular 100 - 150 early P wave noted, which may appear slightly different than other P waves but PRI within normal limits.QRS within normal limits Premature Atrial Complex in which their is a P wave but no QRS, this is called?
  6. Atrial Flutter The impulse originates in the Atria• The Atrial rate is 250 - 350 and rhythm regular• The PRI is not measurable (N/A) - Characteristic saw- tooth wave (called F waves) for atrial activity• The Ventricular rhythm may be regular or irregular• QRS within normal limits• If the Ventricular rate is < 100 it is controlled ; if the Ventricular rate is > 100 it is uncontrolled.
  7. Atrial Fibrillation unable to measure [N/A] atrial rate• No discernable P waves - PRI & Atrial rhythm cannot be measured [N/A]• The Ventricular rhythm is irregular• QRS within normal limits• If the Ventricular rate is > 100 the rhythm is uncontrolled ; if the Ventricular rate is < 100 the rhythm is controlled
  8. Supraventricular Tachycardia
  1. Escape Junctional Rhythm
  2. Accelerated Junc- tional
  3. High junctional rhythm
  4. 1st Degree Heart Block
  5. 2nd Degree Heart Block Type I
  6. 2nd Degree Heart Block Type II
  7. 3rd Degree or Complete Heart Regular Ventricular rhythm & rate > 150 - 2. QRS: 0.04 - 0.10 [normal limits]• P waves may be seen but are often lost in the T waves: Atrialrate, rhythm, PRI is non-measurable [N/A] Ventricular Rhythm: Regular• Ventricular Rate: 40-60 bpm• QRS is usually within normal limits• Possible presentations of P waves- 1. P wave inverted and PRI is less than 0.12- 2. Upright P waves with PRI less than 0.12- 3. P wave is absent- 4. P wave is retrograde or coming behind the QRS Same criteria as Junctional Rhythm, except the Ventricular rate is 60 - 100. A Junctional Rhythm that is 50 beats/min Rhythm: Atrial and Ventricular regular• Rate: Atrial and Ventricular rates the same• PRI: Prolonged >0.20 , but constant• QRS: Usually within normal limitsP wave before every QRS PRI constant & > 0. Rhythm: Atrial is regular; Ventricular is irregular• Rate: Atrial rate is greater than ventricular rate• P waves: Normal in size and shape, but not all followed by QRS• PRI: Lengthens• QRS: Usually within normal limits, but is periodically droppedPro- gressive PRI lengthening until dropped QRS Usually cyclic (pattern repeats) Rhythm: Atrial regular and Ventricular regular or irregular• Rate: Atrial rate greater than Ventricular rate• P waves: Normal, but not all followed by QRS's• PRI: Constant (when present); usually WNL but may be prolonged• QRS: WNL or wide (depend- ing on level of the block); Some droppedMore P's than QRS's : Dropped QRS's PRI constant when present Atrial Rate 60 - 100, Ventricular Rate 40 - 60, Rhythm regular, P waves: normal but may be hidden,PRI: N/A,QRS: 0.04 to 0.10 seconds
  1. Ventricular Pac- ing
  2. Atrial-Ventricular Pacing Rhythm: Atrial and Ventricular regular• Rate: Atrial and Ventricular same- Atrial measured from spike to spike• P waves: Pacer spike seen at beginning of atrial activity- P wave may or may not be seen (lead type dependent) • PRI: Usually WNL- Measured from pacer spike to beginning of QRS • QRS: May be WNL or wide Atrial rhythm, rate, and PRI are non-measurable (N/A)Rhythm: Ventricular regular• Rate: Ventricular within set pacer limits- Measured from pacer spike to pacer spike
    • QRS: Wide; Pacer spike seen before each QRS- Measured from pacer spike to end of QRS Rhythm: Atrial and Ventricular regular• Rate: Atrial and Ventricular same & within set limits• P waves: Pacer spike seen at beginning of atrial activity- P waves may or may not be seen (lead type dependent)• PRI: WNL - Measured from atrial spike to ventricular spike• QRS: Wide - Measured from ventricular spike to end of QRS
  3. Failure to Pace V-Pacer low limit set @ 60bpm; HR = 40bpmor V-Paced @ 70bpm but strip shows 60bpm are examples of?
  4. Failure to Cap- ture
  5. Failure to Sense (Undersensing) Potentially LETHAL pacer spike not followed by the appropriate atrial or ventricular response. This is noted by spikes that are fired too close to patient's own intrinsic beats.
  6. Oversensing Occurs when the pacer senses or "sees" things other than true P waves or QRS complexesThis is noted by lack of pacer spikes when pacer firing should have occurred.Examples are artifact and tall peaked T waves "seen" as appropriate intrinsic activity.Ex. V-Paced with