Elbow complex explanation, Cheat Sheet of Anatomy

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Elbow complex

Introduction

• (^) The elbow joint is a synovial joint found in the upper limb

between the arm and the forearm.

• (^) The elbow joint is classified structurally as a synovial joint.
• It is also classified structurally as a compound joint, as there are

two articulations in the joint.

• (^) Synovial joints, also called diarthroses, are free movable joints.

The articular surfaces of the bones at these joints are separated

from each other by a layer of hyaline cartilage.

• (^) The elbow joint is functionally a hinge joint, allowing movement

in only one plane (uniaxial).

Bones of elbow complex

• Distal Humerus: The distal end of the humerus consists of the articular surface, including the trochlea and the capitulum, and the non- articulating surfaces as well as the olecranon fossa and the coronoid and radial fossae.

Bones of elbow complex

• Proximal Radius :The radial head is a disc- shaped expansion of the proximal end of the radius.
• The proximal surface of the head is concave and known as the fovea of the radius.

Joints of Elbow Complex

• Humeroulnar joint
• Humeroradial joint
• Proximal radioulnar joint

Joints of Elbow Complex

• Humeroradial joint
• (^) is the joint between the capitulum on the lateral aspect of the distal end of the humerus with the head of the radius.

Joints of Elbow Complex

• Proximal radioulnar joint :
• (^) At the elbow joint, the proximal ended ulna articulate with each other at the proximal radioulnar joint.
• The proximal radioulnar joint is functionally a pivot joint, allowing a rotational movement of the radius on the ulna

Ligaments involve in Elbow Complex

Joint Capsule: The capsule is attached proximally to the humerus at the margins of the olecranon, coronoid, and radial fossae as well as to the anterior and posterior surfaces of the medial epicondyle. It also attaches to the posterior surface of the capitulum.

Ligament involve in Elbow Complex

• MCL :

• The anterior portion of the MCL attaches distally to the coronoid process, and the posterior portion attaches to the olecranon process.
• (^) The transverse portion actually spans the medial aspect of the trochlear notch, with no attachment on the humerus.

Ligament involve in Elbow Complex

• (^) The Annular Ligament : The annular ligament binds the radius to the ulna, serving as an effective check to lateral subluxation

Ligament involve in Elbow Complex

The Oblique Cord and Interosseous Membrane: The interosseous membrane attaches to the length of the medial surface of the shaft of the radius and passes medially and distally to the interosseous border of the ulna.

Muscle of the Elbow Complex

• (^) Biceps Brachii
• Origin: Long head – top of the glenoid fossa. Short head – coracoid process.
• Insertion: Bicipital tuberosity of the radius. Bicipital aponeurosis into the deep fascia of the forearm.
• (^) Actions: Elbow flexion. Supination of the forearm.

Muscle of the Elbow Complex Brachialis

• The Brachialis acts to flex the elbow whether in pronation or supination, along with Biceps Brachii.
• (^) Origin: Lower half of the anterior humerus.
• (^) Insertion: Coronoid process of the ulna.
• (^) Actions: Elbow flexion.