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ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER
ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES AND
PRACTICE OF ENGINEERING
EXAMINATION QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) PLUS RATIONALES 2026 Q&A
| INSTANT DOWNLOAD PDF
- What is the SI unit of electric current? A. Volt B. Ampere C. Ohm D. Watt Rationale: Electric current is the flow of electric charge, and the SI unit for measuring this flow is the ampere, defined as one coulomb per second.
- Which law defines the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance? A. Kirchhoff’s Law B. Ohm’s Law C. Faraday’s Law D. Coulomb’s Law Rationale: Ohm’s Law states that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance (V = IR), forming the fundamental relationship in circuit analysis.
- What component stores energy in an electric field? A. Resistor B. Inductor C. Capacitor D. Diode Rationale: A capacitor stores electrical energy in the form of an electric field between two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material.
- The unit of electrical resistance is: A. Volt B. Ampere C. Watt D. Ohm Rationale: Resistance is measured in ohms, which quantifies how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.
- Which device converts AC to DC? A. Transformer B. Inductor C. Rectifier D. Oscillator Rationale: A rectifier uses diodes to convert alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC).
- Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) is based on: A. Energy conservation B. Charge conservation C. Power conservation D. Momentum conservation Rationale: KCL states that total current entering a node equals total current leaving, based on conservation of electric charge.
- The frequency unit is: A. Volt B. Ampere
Rationale: Capacitance is measured in farads, representing charge storage per unit voltage. 12.Inductance is measured in: A. Ohms B. Farads C. Henry D. Watts Rationale: Inductance is measured in henries and represents a coil’s ability to store energy in a magnetic field. 13.Which law describes induced electromotive force? A. Ohm’s Law B. Gauss’s Law C. Faraday’s Law D. Newton’s Law Rationale: Faraday’s Law states that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force in a conductor. 14.A digital signal is: A. Continuous B. Discrete C. Random D. Analog only Rationale: Digital signals represent data in discrete binary levels (0 and 1). 15.Binary number system uses base: A. 8 B. 10 C. 2 D. 16 Rationale: Binary uses base-2 representation with only two digits: 0 and 1. 16.Logic gate that outputs true only if both inputs are true: A. OR
B. NOT
C. AND
D. XOR
Rationale: AND gate produces a high output only when all inputs are high. 17.Which memory is volatile? A. ROM B. RAM C. Flash D. SSD Rationale: RAM loses stored data when power is removed, making it volatile memory. 18.CPU stands for: A. Central Process Utility B. Central Processing Unit C. Control Program Unit D. Computer Processing Unit Rationale: CPU is the main processing component of a computer system. 19.Which device is used for signal amplification? A. Diode B. Transistor C. Fuse D. Transformer Rationale: A transistor can amplify electrical signals by controlling current flow. 20.The output of an XOR gate is high when: A. Both inputs are same B. Inputs are different C. Both inputs are zero D. Both inputs are one Rationale: XOR outputs true only when inputs differ.
Rationale: A fuse melts when current exceeds safe levels, breaking the circuit. 26.Boolean algebra is used in: A. Mechanical systems B. Digital logic design C. Fluid mechanics D. Thermodynamics Rationale: Boolean algebra simplifies logic circuit design. 27.The speed of light is approximately: A. 3 × 10⁶ m/s B. 3 × 10⁸ m/s C. 3 × 10⁷ m/s D. 3 × 10⁵ m/s Rationale: Light travels at about 300 million meters per second in vacuum. 28.A microcontroller is: A. Memory unit B. Single-chip computer system C. Power supply D. Display device Rationale: A microcontroller integrates CPU, memory, and I/O on one chip. 29.Which is not a passive component? A. Resistor B. Capacitor C. Transistor D. Inductor Rationale: A transistor actively controls current and amplifies signals. 30.The function of a capacitor in DC circuits is: A. Amplify signal B. Block steady current after charging C. Increase resistance
D. Convert AC to DC Rationale: A capacitor blocks DC after being fully charged. 31.The unit of power is: A. Volt B. Ampere C. Ohm D. Watt Rationale: Watt measures rate of energy transfer. 32.Which is a renewable energy source? A. Coal B. Solar C. Oil D. Gas Rationale: Solar energy is naturally replenished. 33.A resistor in series increases: A. Voltage B. Total resistance C. Current D. Frequency Rationale: Series resistors add up to increase total resistance. 34.Semiconductor material example: A. Copper B. Silicon C. Iron D. Gold Rationale: Silicon is widely used in semiconductor devices. 35.Logic NOT gate performs: A. Addition B. Inversion C. Multiplication
D. Manage memory Rationale: Compiler translates high-level language to machine code. 41.A diode is made of: A. Metal B. Semiconductor material C. Plastic D. Glass Rationale: Diodes use semiconductor junctions. 42.The main function of OS is: A. Hardware manufacturing B. Resource management C. Data encryption D. Circuit design Rationale: Operating system manages hardware and software resources. 43.Which is an example of analog signal? A. Binary data B. Human voice C. Digital file D. Computer code Rationale: Voice is continuous in nature. 44.GPU is used for: A. Storage B. Graphics processing C. Networking D. Power supply Rationale: GPU handles image rendering. 45.Ohm’s law is invalid for: A. Metals B. Diodes C. Resistors
D. Wires Rationale: Non-linear devices like diodes do not obey Ohm’s law. 46.The unit of inductive reactance is: A. Volt B. Ampere C. Ohm D. Farad Rationale: Reactance behaves like resistance. 47.Flip-flop is used for: A. Amplification B. Memory storage C. Power conversion D. Signal filtering Rationale: Flip-flops store binary state. 48.Which layer handles routing in OSI model? A. Physical B. Data Link C. Network D. Transport Rationale: Network layer handles routing. 49.ASCII is used for: A. Image processing B. Text encoding C. Sound processing D. Power control Rationale: ASCII encodes characters into binary. 50.The function of inductor is to: A. Store electric field energy B. Store magnetic energy C. Block DC always
D. NAND
Rationale: XOR detects inequality. 56.Power factor is defined as: A. Voltage/Current B. Real power/Apparent power C. Resistance/Reactance D. Frequency/Voltage Rationale: Power factor measures efficiency of AC power usage. 57.Which device converts mechanical energy to electrical? A. Motor B. Generator C. Transformer D. Rectifier Rationale: Generators convert mechanical motion to electricity. 58.The binary equivalent of decimal 10 is: A. 1000 B. 1001 C. 1010 D. 1100 Rationale: 10 in binary is 1010. 59.Which is a communication protocol? A. HTML B. TCP/IP C. Python D. SQL Rationale: TCP/IP governs data transmission. 60.What is the function of a heat sink? A. Store data B. Dissipate heat C. Amplify signal
D. Convert power Rationale: Heat sinks prevent overheating. 61.Which is not a logic family? A. TTL B. CMOS C. RMS D. ECL Rationale: RMS is a measurement, not logic family. 62.What is aliasing? A. Signal amplification B. Sampling distortion C. Voltage drop D. Resistance increase Rationale: Occurs when sampling rate is too low. 63.Which is a non-volatile memory? A. RAM B. ROM C. Cache D. Register Rationale: ROM retains data without power. 64.A microprocessor contains: A. Only memory B. CPU only C. Storage only D. Display only Rationale: Microprocessor is CPU on chip. 65.Which is used in wireless communication? A. Fiber B. Radio waves C. Copper wire
D. Store energy Rationale: Grounding prevents shock hazards. 71.Which algorithm is used for sorting? A. BFS B. QuickSort C. DFS D. Dijkstra Rationale: QuickSort is a sorting algorithm. 72.Cloud computing provides: A. Hardware only B. Remote computing services C. Offline storage D. Local processing only Rationale: Cloud offers on-demand computing resources. 73.Which device converts sound to electrical signal? A. Speaker B. Microphone C. Antenna D. Motor Rationale: Microphones convert acoustic energy. 74.What is bandwidth? A. Voltage range B. Frequency range capacity C. Resistance level D. Power loss Rationale: Bandwidth defines data capacity. 75.What is MOSFET? A. Memory device B. Transistor type C. Battery
D. Sensor Rationale: MOSFET is a field-effect transistor. 76.Which is used in AI? A. Resistor B. Neural networks C. Transformer oil D. Fuse Rationale: Neural networks power AI systems. 77.What is latency? A. Power loss B. Delay in communication C. Resistance D. Frequency Rationale: Latency measures time delay. 78.Which is a packet switching network? A. PSTN B. Internet C. Radio D. Television Rationale: Internet uses packet switching. 79.What is encryption? A. Data deletion B. Data protection method C. Signal amplification D. Power control Rationale: Encryption secures data. 80.Which is a renewable energy source? A. Coal B. Gas C. Wind
D. Power supply Rationale: Interrupts prioritize urgent tasks. 86.Which is a transmission medium? A. CPU B. Optical fiber C. RAM D. Compiler Rationale: Fiber carries signals. 87.What is virtualization? A. Hardware repair B. Creating virtual systems C. Power conversion D. Circuit design Rationale: Virtualization runs multiple systems on one hardware. 88.Which is used in robotics sensing? A. Capacitor B. Sensor C. Resistor D. Diode Rationale: Sensors detect environmental changes. 89.What is modulation? A. Data storage B. Signal encoding C. Power increase D. Memory allocation Rationale: Modulation encodes signals for transmission. 90.What is demodulation? A. Data encryption B. Signal decoding C. Power supply
D. Compression Rationale: Demodulation retrieves original signal. 91.What is a compiler error? A. Hardware failure B. Code syntax issue C. Power issue D. Network error Rationale: Compiler detects syntax mistakes. 92.What is AI? A. Analog input B. Artificial Intelligence C. Auto input D. Algorithm integration Rationale: AI simulates human intelligence. 93.What is machine learning? A. Hardware design B. Learning from data C. Power generation D. Circuit analysis Rationale: ML improves systems through data. 94.What is a sensor? A. Output device B. Input device detecting physical changes C. Memory unit D. Processor Rationale: Sensors detect environmental conditions. 95.What is a compiler optimization? A. Code deletion B. Improving execution efficiency C. Hardware upgrade
