ELECTRICAL DESIGN - LATEST TRENDS, Exams of Design history

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ELECTRICAL DESIGN

Considerations in High-Rise Buildings

- LATEST TRENDS

in Philippine Settings

Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers

2016 National Convention

MINI-SEMINAR OUTLINE

I. NEW BUILDING and RE-DEVELOPMENT - ELECTRICAL DESIGN COMPARISON : A. Types of Development. B. Factors Affecting the Redevelopment of a Facility C. Maximizing Existing, New Upgraded Equipment, or Expansion.

II. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM - BUILDING DESIGN TRENDS.

A. Design Data Parameters for Building’s Connected Load and Demand Load. B. Energy Management – Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling. C. The Requirement for Redundant Power Distribution Equipment. D. Fire-rated Cables for High-Rise Buildings – Why Specify? E. Power Quality Issues affecting High-Rise Buildings. F. Safety Lighting – use of Centralized Battery Systems.

III. GREEN BUILDING DESIGN ISSUES.

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS (HRB)

i. What is a High-Rise Building?

• As defined by Chapter-2 of the IBC, “a building with an occupied floor located more than 75 feet ( 22.86m ) above the lowest level of the Fire Department vehicle access”.
• As defined by the Fire Code of the Philippines, “buildings 15 meters in height, measured from ground level to the floor of the topmost storey.

ii. Timeline of Tallest Buildings in the Philippines.

The Manila Hotel - 18 Floors, 1912~ Pacific Star - 29 Floors, 1989~ Rufino Pacific Tower - 162m, 41 Floors, 1994~ Petron Megaplaza - 210m, 45 Floors, 1998~ PBCom Tower - 259m, 52 Floors, 2000~present

HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ( HRB )

iii. The Demands on Modern Electrical Planning.

• A higher level of safety.
• A higher level of redundancy and selectivity.
• A higher level of flexibility on the entire life cycle.
• A low level of environmental pollution.
• Integration of renewable energies.
• Low costs (construction and operations).

B. Factors Affecting the Redevelopment

of a Facility.

1. General Factors.

a. Maximized lot area, location, zoning, land use and local ordinances. b. Market forces and demand, project cost and budget. c. Availability of resources and time schedule.

2. Engineering Design Factors.

a. Existing Building conditions and limitations. b. Available technology and innovation. c. Fire and Life safety aspects. d. Operations and maintenance ( O&M ) issues. e. Engineering economics and return of investment ( ROI ). f. Occupational health and environmental impact. g. Maximizing existing equipment , upgrade or expansion.

C. Maximizing Existing, New Upgraded

Equipment or Expansion.

1. Maximizing Existing Equipment.

a. Electrical system audit , testing and appraisal of existing electrical equipment and distribution systems. b. Site inspection and validation of equipment O&M clearances. c. Load profiling, load survey and load analysis. d. Maximum demand of existing loads + projected loads.

2. New Equipment Upgrade or Expansion.

a. Added load flexibility and selectivity. b. Future proofing and redundancy. c. Maximized electrical equipment efficiency. d. Electrical equipment room upsizing and upgrade, as well. e. Electrical feeder routing and distribution study.

A. DESIGN DATA PARAMETERS FOR HRB –

Determination of Power Demand.

1. Design Load Profile.

a. Residential Building - 50~65 W / sq.m. b. Regular Office - 100~125 W / sq.m. c. BPO Office - 125~150 W / sq.m. d. Non F&B Retail Loads - 200~250 W / sq.m. e. F&B Retail Loads - 250~500 W / sq.m. f. Parking/Storage Areas - 6~8 W / sq.m. g. Building Admin. Loads - 40~100W / sq.m.

2. Applicable Demand Factor.

a. Residential Building - 10~23% b. Regular and BPO Office - 55~65% c. Non F&B and F&B Retail - 50~70% d. Parking/Storage Areas - 70~80% e. Building Admin. Loads - 70~80%

A. DESIGN DATA PARAMETERS FOR HRB –

Determination of Power Demand.

3. Design Criteria / Efficiency Class.

a. Lighting - efficient lighting initiave, lighting controls, energy management, etc. b. Receptacle Outlets - person load density, etc. c. Airconditioning System - building placement, level of comfort, airconditioning-type, controls, energy management, etc. d. Building Admin. Loads - automation controls, efficiencies.

4. Effective Building Areas.

a. Gross Floor Areas. b. Net Floor Areas. c. Leasable / Saleable Areas. d. Contruction Floor Areas.

B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –

Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.

Sample of Load Duration Curve –

B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –

Load Duration Curves and Load Profiling.

Sample of Load Duration Curve –

B. ENERGY MANAGEMENT FOR HRB –

Building Automation.

1. Building Automation – comprehensive solutions and services

for controlling : a. Heating, Ventilation and Airconditioning. b. Lighting systems. c. Shutters and sunshields. d. Elevators, lifts and escalators. e. Sanitary pumps. f. Standby power system.

2. Automated Room and Zone Controls – localized integrated solutions for airconditioning, lighting, shutters, etc. : a. Room Control Units. b. KNX System.

C. REDUNDANT POWER DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM – for High-Rise Buildings.

1. Nowadays, why is required?

a. For added redundancy, selectivity and flexibility. b. For continuous 24/7/365 operations. c. For scheduled preventive maintenance works. d. For unforeseen equipment or feeder failures. e. Future proofing?

2. What particular loads requires such?

a. Data Center / Server Rooms – Telecoms and Banks. b. Mission-Critical and Security Buildings. c. Hospitals and Health Care Institutions. d. BPO and Call Center Loads. e. Fire and Life Safety Loads.

C. REDUNDANT POWER DISTRIBUTION

SYSTEM – for High-Rise Buildings.

D. FIRE-RATED CABLES for High-Rise

Buildings - Why Specify?

1. Fire-rated Low-Smoke Halogen-Free (FR-LSHF) Cables.

a. Type-tested under BS 6387, and standards defined by UL 2196. b. Tested at 950°C for 3-hours, with water spray and mechanical shock (fire event simulation). c. CWZ-type tested.

2. FR-LSHF Cables, in the event of fire.

a. Emit non-corrosive gases and have low toxicity levels. b. FR-LSHF maintains circuit integrity against short circuits or electrical faults. c. FR-LSHF circuit integrity properties gives enough time for the. Building to be evacuated in a fire event scenario.