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STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 1
grade-A
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY FOR HEALTHCARE
PROFESSIONALS, 6TH EDITION BY KATHRYN A. BOOTH &
THOMAS EDWARD O'BRIEN. STUDY GUIDE YEAR 2025-
Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas
Edward O'Brien.
STUDY GUIDE AND TEST BANK
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 2
grade-A
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. EXAMINATION STUDY GUIDE AND TEST BANK
2. EXAM STUDY GUIDE
- Study Tips
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 4
grade-A
Q6: What is the normal duration of the QRS complex? A: 0.06–0.10 seconds – reflects normal ventricular conduction. n
Q7: Which interval represents total ventricular depolarization and repolarization? A: QT interval – important for assessing risk of arrhythmias. n
Q8: What factors can prolong the QT interval? A: Electrolyte disturbances, medications, and congenital conditions – increases arrhythmia risk. n
Q9: Which ECG finding indicates atrial fibrillation? A: Irregularly irregular rhythm with absent P waves – hallmark of AFib. n
Q10: Which ECG finding indicates atrial flutter? A: Sawtooth flutter waves, usually at 250–350 bpm – indicates atrial reentrant circuit. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 5
grade-A
Q11: What is the heart rate in sinus tachycardia? A: Greater than 100 bpm with normal P waves – indicates accelerated sinus rhythm. n
Q12: What is the heart rate in sinus bradycardia? A: Less than 60 bpm with normal P waves – indicates slowed sinus rhythm. n
Q13: Which ECG finding indicates ventricular tachycardia? A: Wide QRS complexes at 100–250 bpm with absent P waves – life-threatening arrhythmia. n
Q14: Which ECG finding indicates ventricular fibrillation? A: Chaotic, irregular waveform with no identifiable QRS complexes – requires immediate defibrillation. n
Q15: Which lead placement is used for a standard 12-lead ECG? A: Limb leads on arms and legs, chest leads V1–V6 on the precordium – provides full cardiac view. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 7
grade-A
Q21: Which ECG finding indicates third-degree AV block? A: Complete AV dissociation with independent atrial and ventricular rates – requires pacemaker. n
Q22: Which electrolyte disturbance can cause peaked T waves? A: Hyperkalemia – early sign on ECG. n
Q23: Which electrolyte disturbance can cause flattened T waves and U waves? A: Hypokalemia – affects ventricular repolarization. n
Q24: Which condition is suggested by ST-segment elevation in contiguous leads? A: Acute myocardial infarction – indicates injury to myocardium. n
Q25: Which condition is suggested by ST-segment depression? A: Myocardial ischemia, digoxin effect, or reciprocal changes – indicates subendocardial injury. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 8
grade-A
Q26: Which ECG finding indicates left bundle branch block? A: Wide QRS (>0.12 sec) with broad notched R waves in lateral leads – alters ventricular depolarization. n
Q27: Which ECG finding indicates right bundle branch block? A: Wide QRS with RSR' pattern in V1–V3 – indicates delayed right ventricular activation. n
Q28: Which ECG finding indicates left ventricular hypertrophy? A: Tall R waves in left-sided leads and deep S waves in right-sided leads – suggests increased muscle mass. n
Q29: Which ECG finding indicates right ventricular hypertrophy? A: Tall R waves in right precordial leads and right axis deviation – indicates increased right ventricular mass. n
Q30: Which rhythm is characterized by absent P waves and irregular ventricular response? A: Atrial fibrillation – risk for thromboembolism. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 10
grade-A
Q36: Which ECG feature indicates early repolarization? A: ST-segment elevation with concave upward morphology – usually benign. n
Q37: Which ECG feature suggests pericarditis? A: Diffuse ST-segment elevation with PR depression – indicates pericardial inflammation. n
Q38: Which ECG finding suggests pulmonary embolism? A: S1Q3T3 pattern S wave in lead I, Q wave in lead III, inverted T in III – may indicate right heart strain. n
Q39: Which ECG finding is characteristic of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? A: Short PR interval and delta wave – indicates accessory pathway conduction. n
Q40: Which ECG finding suggests myocardial infarction in inferior leads? A: ST-segment elevation in II, III, aVF – indicates inferior wall injury. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 11
grade-A
Q41: Which ECG finding suggests myocardial infarction in anterior leads? A: ST-segment elevation in V1–V4 – indicates anterior wall injury. n
Q42: Which ECG finding suggests myocardial infarction in lateral leads? A: ST-segment elevation in I, aVL, V5, V6 – indicates lateral wall injury. n
Q43: Which ECG finding suggests myocardial infarction in posterior leads? A: ST-segment depression in V1–V3 with tall R waves – may indicate posterior MI. n
Q44: Which rhythm shows progressive lengthening of PR interval with dropped QRS? A: Second-degree AV block type I (Mobitz I) – Wenckebach phenomenon. n
Q45: Which rhythm shows constant PR interval with sudden dropped QRS? A: Second-degree AV block type II (Mobitz II) – requires monitoring or pacemaker. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 13
grade-A
Q51: Which ECG finding indicates ventricular ectopic beats? A: Premature wide QRS complexes not preceded by P waves – originates in ventricles. n
Q52: Which ECG finding indicates junctional rhythm? A: Absent or inverted P waves with narrow QRS – rate typically 40–60 bpm. n
Q53: Which ECG feature indicates left atrial enlargement? A: Notched P wave in lead II or biphasic P wave in V1 – 'P mitrale'. n
Q54: Which ECG feature indicates right atrial enlargement? A: Tall, peaked P wave in lead II – 'P pulmonale'. n
Q55: Which ECG finding indicates bundle branch block? A: Wide QRS (>0.12 sec) with characteristic morphology in leads – indicates conduction delay. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 14
grade-A
Q56: Which ECG interval is used to assess risk for torsades de pointes? A: QT interval – prolonged interval increases risk. n
Q57: Which ECG finding indicates sinus arrhythmia? A: Irregular rhythm with normal P waves and QRS complexes – rate varies with respiration. n
Q58: Which rhythm has absent P waves and irregular R-R intervals? A: Atrial fibrillation – predisposes to thromboembolism. n
Q59: Which ECG feature is typical in pericarditis? A: Diffuse ST elevation with PR depression – indicates inflammation of pericardium. n
Q60: Which rhythm shows gradual acceleration and deceleration of heart rate with respiration? A: Sinus arrhythmia – normal variant, usually benign. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 16
grade-A
Q66: Which rhythm is characterized by progressive shortening and lengthening of PR interval? A: Wenckebach pattern (Mobitz I) – type of second-degree AV block. n
Q67: Which ECG finding suggests Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? A: Short PR interval with delta wave – indicates accessory pathway. n
Q68: Which ECG finding is associated with acute MI in inferior leads? A: ST elevation in II, III, aVF – indicates inferior wall injury. n
Q69: Which ECG finding is associated with acute MI in anterior leads? A: ST elevation in V1–V4 – indicates anterior wall injury. n
Q70: Which ECG finding is associated with acute MI in lateral leads? A: ST elevation in I, aVL, V5, V6 – indicates lateral wall injury. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 17
grade-A
Q71: Which ECG finding indicates posterior MI? A: ST depression in V1–V3 with tall R waves – reciprocal changes for posterior MI. n
Q72: Which interval measures atrioventricular conduction time? A: PR interval – assesses conduction from atria to ventricles. n
Q73: Which wave represents ventricular depolarization? A: QRS complex – indicates ventricular contraction. n
Q74: Which wave represents atrial depolarization? A: P wave – indicates atrial contraction. n
Q75: Which ECG finding is characteristic of atrial flutter? A: Sawtooth flutter waves at 250–350 bpm – indicates atrial reentrant circuit. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 19
grade-A
Q81: Which rhythm shows complete dissociation of P waves and QRS complexes? A: Third-degree AV block – atrial and ventricular rates independent. n
Q82: Which ECG finding indicates sinus bradycardia? A: Rate <60 bpm with normal P waves – slowed sinus rhythm. n
Q83: Which ECG finding indicates sinus tachycardia? A: Rate >100 bpm with normal P waves – accelerated sinus rhythm. n
Q84: Which ECG finding indicates supraventricular tachycardia? A: Narrow QRS, regular rhythm, absent or buried P waves – originates above ventricles. n
Q85: Which ECG feature suggests digitalis effect? A: Downsloping ST depression with scooped appearance – may mimic ischemia. n
STUDY GUIDE - Electrocardiography for Healthcare Professionals, 6th Edition by Kathryn A. Booth & Thomas Edward O'Brien. study guide year 2025-2026 - Page 20
grade-A
Q86: Which ECG finding indicates Osborn (J) waves? A: Positive deflection at end of QRS in hypothermia – classic ECG change. n
Q87: Which ECG finding indicates left bundle branch block? A: Wide QRS (>0.12 sec) with broad notched R waves in lateral leads – delayed left ventricular depolarization. n
Q88: Which ECG finding indicates right bundle branch block? A: Wide QRS with RSR' pattern in V1–V3 – delayed right ventricular activation. n
Q89: Which ECG finding indicates left ventricular hypertrophy? A: Tall R waves in left-sided leads and deep S waves in right-sided leads – increased LV muscle mass. n
Q90: Which ECG finding indicates right ventricular hypertrophy? A: Tall R waves in right precordial leads and right axis deviation – increased RV muscle mass. n
