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Electrochemistry o study nelabonship blu Ahovoteal => Eleckrolyhe Procass energy and elec bricab energy. * Electrical enengy to chew cal cheng Ble chaly be ( fo caxny non -sp. vedox vin. d based on spolantous proces g —- > Llecbrochemioal Proceur Anode + © fathode @® Chemical energy of. spontaneour pro, ;, ltsead eleckoly te te convented fp elechical energy. Tone nm met elecholyte do = Elecho chemical ox Galvame (Cell ye o hot involve in any. chemical chang | = : ard » Stardond clecode potential (69) 7” VL GO LY Bons = = Oe Pa & Polential developed lw ; : electrode & stg fon. Filed with Anode: Cathode. agan age? _ ae . gel finode * ants) 2n 728 s To Measure SEP it 2 rue) al connected. to SHE ( Stardad cathode: Cu be —™ ae os fuls) $20" Hydrogen fotenhal) whose SEP 12 O. en(s) + Wars of ca wd T Pim Ho, et olote ,t ban predswe mas % 20 sod L Anode : Oxridahon cathode * Reduchon Salt bade 5 Completes Greutt Mw Mot pen ss pyidalion Polen. E = Emm folen. G2 bmn le? 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F ° 30ln, above Hydrogen (-vE skp) displaces th from diluke awd a t a a 4 seen + Melale below Cua m ECS forms les chibdle ariales? and decomposes an ® reabing . ; 7 ot ® > Nernst Eqoabon + BE isol* Boe = BT old d- fra Cuohe | ae g~ [eroduct I C - btw - 0-059 Ind ( beac tank | . > pl Value + 7 & # a as a : Ht +e im G) oo log ae pH e ° - a HH, = Cua, - bos log p ac p> log cil | [TH] ; crHy &* : Batis : ‘one @ PH > fut E - Entin ] a > Relahon blo O67 3 Cree 6-059 “a [ac * TAP Ee | » Workdone all Ahange fotenhal @| > B& >ve => €° $0 = spon, > 66-0, FeurrO a! wb, AGrt = tve —> Feeo = nen-~spon > Equilibrium , be £O . @ © AE Equilibrw m , : Abra tO. @& ber Brey O * Preu-~ 2803 RT fog k — «| nf 4 = Ke Equiltbrram tonal. J an = =2-303RT logy } tog, =” i Wap insie e o-0sq > Heak of oan inside Cerf. > Entropy change msde fet @ @ @ art 7 nFE + it . AS rf (28), @ 4 Goncenteahon Cell, : @ b> tuo equivalent holf cell of some malenial having difference in @ concenteahon oe” pressure of goseour elechode, @ @ € & « & i = qnode and cathode ate same. C4. PE / Yo fg) (P, atm) | Hu Cr) I HIG) | Hcg) (e, atm), Pt (AR anede + Ha ey HUG) Fe Feu * Frey 0089 log la Py cathode = Ht + 2e ——> Ha Cos) ia ~ Cé2) ho RAR et (C2)\* , Ht Elecholytie (ell. ‘ : > -et>ro if.G>C, Eleckrical @n. —> Chemroal br, OF => PR > Py anode (+) . ; tn by Second tow ¥ electolyars When Same amount change ig parsed Hough abe elechaly ke sol” connected in seniea , “then ‘weight gf subslonre departed at electrodes ane in naho a xespechye equivalent weight wre Mais We e, valancy , e Bont > (onductors > Metkale Elec trolytre Londuyctorta => change cannien = free em . ae ens ‘ { ” Row cles withouk . Flows elec fricity fokes place by ( ns. & Na chemical anange ( > Ne hransfen of rade » Frans fon > Resistance due to vbr” af matter + tren ionic abl & viscosity > Resistance f- wilh Tempt » Reargkance b wit FTemp. | > Deensn't follous Faraday law » Pollowss Faracla y laud 4 => Conductnre. 4 S bee ers z.° K Gepea) @ a = > nike ah , @ veTR eB ¥ unit mi) pus e(4) ‘ c= | = = bait 2 mho 7 74 4 = Cal cows}, i » Stemene @ . Reristi Hy a. spect Pe athe £ A conduclance @ . fonduc hue by ek = spets fondue, pa] @ Unit a“ kK > Sm! oy Sem" & « Molan lonductvity 6 “”Am) : & Conductivity a all fon presen ™ ? molan solu bon 7 slecholyte Om Am Ko ow Mia Volume ° m moles in 1b €. ont. moles “Wi moles tm nods Le ~ at ~1 . ss a ks es ta ne k¥emy - os Koo Sm mols! Volume of Bln MX tO 00 havin 1M elecholy, © & + Equivalent conduchv) ily condue tulle a ¢ ae Sol” af an laclasipt “ : i ro Pay, * ek 1008 i~ 2h n= n-fecton ~. Nn Rey > Am. ‘ n %& re ETS ieee ” 4 fackon affechns elecholy tie conductance. o Natune of electrolyte © Tempenatune aE > We TT pth Yy oh” + Size a ‘on oe Viscosr biggex low , few conductivity . h Vis, b mobili ty . © Solvahon ox Hydration o Nature (polarity) af Solvent XN = ~ ) > i 4 intenachon blw solute A solvent wat Atty y ct ~ J fonduc hvihy , Dielectie blo Jong aa a 3 fort. / #° Dilution, ; ~~ Condue hvity (x) aluoaga decry earer with decrease in concenhraton. “S No, gf lon per uinit volume dv. 2 : ] a] Conductance mcrecnea with dilubow, - Alte” fowre gets weale. molan conductivity a fyivalent Gaduchyity intr eared, * Ae 2dkv itt . aro for shong elecholyte i ae shong Elechslyte (KH) yt be Debye Hacked ansagan £yahon. : pense a incteased tater lame =) Am| Weaz > When cone” 12 IMckeare a Vechaighe (cHs(O0H) pL Ly” inceeareg, mobility v , wolan 2. ¥ a) ve disoctahion decreases wilh F cont. act. fo = weak eleck. 4 degree of 1 Ort wald dil? law - So, No, of lon per mole vy, = a # koh lyaush low, ahh en = Ay By — * d Sum tim hing 3 ob ae ; Wt me molan - condisc tivity. = Be teeny xt Nm(ats) + i. Am (@*) i *f 2 ° Naers) + Neg (6°) (An 69) Nye tev - ne Remini!) im 'te) Nog CAx8y) = m (A m (6° 2 °y ae) aa ae + et Fn fockerti =) # Applicaton . 3 sy To determing linmhng alan conduchuity 4 an elec hplyte.” ee) ° x “8, ‘ Sa Ap aah - Pens(oone 2 Mansoor y Nriate & “ce = Neon, or ~ atb-«¢ : ») Te detonmine dissociahon conslank on degroe a dissocia ham a= Ae, ha = tot" a Pm ) ol eee ewe) 0 ee eee tt Nickel - Cadmium (elL. 2 longer hfe than mmericuny Cel > expensive fo manufaclune Cals) + INI (OH) (s) ——= (dO(s) + rion), 4s) + WOW) - Goel Cells » ¢ a F Ardea are wy & ub Combushon ——> elechveal enengy Cathode Anode : (H, + 204 > 2,0 + 26) 2 aii ier clehole (athode t Ox + 21,0 te —> YOH" 2 [, 2H, #O, —* 24.0 Porous canhon elechode » used in apollo space shuttle coma tl cabalyst -Plakinum on Palladium as 70% eth oncy ° ct -» Polluhon fee % 4k Cerviosion. 3° Rushn lon > elec hochemic af process 5 i tarnishing cif Silven Co, + HO <= Hy COs 5 green foahbion on copper A brome Hat, <2 2Ht + cae a Anode ‘ fe = >t +e 9 Cathode: it 4 On + We > 10 C2. 67 d fe ts) + utt+ 0, —> 2h" +220 9 y ube + YH, 40, ——> 20, + SH" =) fe,0, + 940 —~ fo, Oy-xH2O0 (Rust) in Factor promohny COLON, eMethod to prevent couiasion, ~ e Reachvity of metal “> Parner protechon * ‘ty in molal + Pain bi Lleckoplati . Imapust by nom ng . choplatng. tf . ' ~ # Humide => Sacrificial profecton, 2 , Prerence of 2 leckoly te » Metal electroplated by move eleckopas, = me teu. = Cathodi ; 3 AaReurk Sel”. athedia protechon 7 . plates af move elechopositive meta} alkalme sol” a} heavealt sy : and phospr ake, Heack with ian do doxei protective layer. force fe to act ar cabhode, ? had 2 \t s ‘lyon doow't stab even when zine coabing 15 broken cathodic protechon, , (Mg, 2n) connected fo lxon with wire, | | | | | 
