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Electrolysis & Laser State Exam Study Guide
Questions with Complete Solutions
What is Stress? accelerated heart beat; secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline (Adrenal Medulla) What does the parasympathetic nervous system do? Rest & Repose (Peaceful). Ex. heart rate, pupils dilating, breathing What does the sympathetic nervous system do? Fight or Flight. Controls body's unconscious functions. What is pain threshold? degree of pain sensation beyond which the intensity of pain becomes consciously uncomfortable or intolerable. (You should work as close to pain threshold as possible). What is pain? sensation, intense enough to induce emotional reaction, accompanied by an attempt to withdraw from the stimulant. what can cause more pain during a laser/electrolysis treatment? client consuming caffeine, benzedrine, & or nicotine
How big should the treatment area be when you perform electrolysis? a quarter size What is the Axon? conducts impulses from the cell body to other cells; moves impulses AWAY from the cell body What is the Synapse? gaps of spaces; exist between terminal branches, dendrites and between axons. Contains a liquid = neurotransmitter = acetylcholine What is the lymphatic system? part of the immune system. Protects against infection. Sifts out impurities in the body. Vena Cava in the right atrium - RA = largest vein in body What vital role does the skin play? maintaining body's temperature and homeostasis. (IBEC pg. 14) Basal Zone
products that fall between the categories of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics and that generally have a higher level of absorption than standard cosmetics Cosmeceuticals (IBEC pg. 16) What is connective tissue in animal bodies that contains fat? Adipose Tissue (IBEC pg. 16) Clear, lifeless matter deposited in the form of minute keratohyalin granules in the protoplasm of living cells. Found in the stratum lucidum Eleidin (IBEC pg. 17) What is the horny zone? the outermost portion of the epidermis. Stratum Corneum (IBEC pg. 17)
What makes up the skin and its accessory organs, such as the sebaceous and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails? Integumentary System (IBEC pg. 17) What is the protein found in the skin that helps guard against invasion? Keratin (IBEC pg. 17) What is the colorless, watery fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system; similar in composition to blood plasma? Lymph (IBEC pg. 17) A skin layer made of the stratum mucosum and the stratum germinativum Malpighian What are nerve endings in the skin that are sensitive to touch?
The dermal-epidermal junction the basement membrane zone (BMZ). Lamina lucida, basal lamina, anchoring fibrils Sweat glands responsible for body odor, located in the axillae and anogenital areas Apocrine Gland What is terminal hair? hair found on the scalp. arms, legs, axillae, and pubic area (post puberty) An amino acid present in melanocytes Tyrosine What is Purpura? 2D bruise, laser bruise caused by excessive joules What is Dermatographia? writing on the skin what is dermatitis artifacta? lesions produced by the patient. Ex. cutting, inflicting on oneself.
Skin cancer types
- basal cell carcinoma - most common
- squamous cell carcinoma
- malignant melanoma - most deadly skin types I & II are the most susceptible Types of moles congenital or malignant. A, B, C, D, E
- Asymmetric
- Border
- Color
- Diameter
- Elevation What is psoriasis? red patches covered with shiny, silvery scales. Erythematous located mostly on the elbows and neck What is Tinea? known as ringworm. Small, reddened patch of veciscles that spread outwards and heal in the center. Tinea Barbae = face = barber's itch Tinea Capitis = head Tinea Pedis = webs of feet Tinea Corporis = body
Hair Depth needles need to be longer than the hair depth = follicle depth. Distance from the surface of the epidermis to the bottom of the bulb Treating gray hair with electrolysis always expect to insert deeper when entering a follicle. In the early anagen stage the emerging hair almost always appears as the patron's original color. Diameter of Needles 5 Sizes 1 - Smallest , 5 = Largest (Diameter) 1 = short 1 = normal 1 = long Ex. size 4 = 0. The Needle always requires sterilization if the needle is reusable (they will not be reusable - always dispose immediately after use to avoid contamination/ infection) what is the bulb test? clipping one clip to any metal portion of the electrolysis unit and the 2nd clip to the metal portion at the end of the needle. (pg. 169)
What is the purpose of an insulated needle? to protect the epidermis from damage. Skin does not come into contact with the current. What are the six functions of the skin? absorption, sensation heat regulation, excretion, Elimination, Protection (A.S.H.E.E.P) What are the two layers of the dermis? papillary and reticular What is the interphase of the cell cycle? Period between division; cell growth and DNA replication. Resting Stage What is a follicle? follicular canal = depression located on epidermis. Houses entire pilosebaceous unit Function of acid mantle the bacteria-killing layer made of sweat and lipids. (IBEC pg. 16)
layers of hair Medulla - large loosely connected keratinized cells; air spaces which determine sheen & color tone by reflection of light (INNER most layer) Cortex - significant part of hair, gives hair strength and elasticity; elongated keratinized cells; pigment gives hair hair (MIDDLE layer) Cuticle - imbricated cells (fish scales), no pigment, protects the cortex interlocks with inner root sheath (OUTER most layer) Structure of the Follicle INNER (no blood):
- Medulla
- Cortex
- Cuticle
cuticle of the inner root sheath<<
- Huxley's
- Henles OUTER (blood) :
outer root sheath <<
- Vitreous membrane
- Connective Tissue = Dermal Sheath (outer) What is the anagen phase? Growth Phase. Phase required for successful hair removal. Growing stage (15%) progressive, active phase; hair follicle is the deepest What is Catagen Phase? period of transition between anagen and telogen phases. The follicle shrinks to about a third of its anagen size. The papilla suddenly separates and with draws from the matrix. Regressive; Lub hair = bed hair = loses connection with papilla and matrix but still get nourishment from the side of the follicle. What is the Telogen Stage? resting stage, dormant; club hair has no nourishment. Easy to pull out. What is Hypertrichosis? an overabundance of hair anywhere on the body, affects males & females
What is Tragi? Latin for EAR What is the Gallaway Score minimum for caucasian women? score of 8 or higher What are endorphins? block pain, regulate the body's response to pain ; reduce the sensation of pain; & affect emotions; acts as a neurotransmitter Produced in hypothalamus. What are the two major classes of hormones? Non-steroid and steroid hormones What are the nine endocrine glands?
- Pineal
- Pituitary
- Parathyroids
- Thymus
- Adrenal
- Pancreas
- Ovaries
- Testes
- Thyroid
The Pituitary Gland produces hormones that cause gland activity Pituitary Gland - What are the 3 Lobes?
- Anterior Lobe = adenohypophysis = MASTER gland
- Intermediate Lobe = MSH = melanocyte stimulating hormone = deepens skin pigment
- Posterior Lobe = neurohypophysis = store room for the hypothalamus neurohormones. Stores and releases for body needs Overproduction of growth hormone (GH); enlargement of the bones in the hands, feet, jaw, nose, and ribs in ADULTHOOD. Tumor on interior lobe Acromegaly What is Oxytocin? a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts. What is the Master Gland? Anterior lobe = adenohypophysis Located in the Pituitary Gland - in brain
What does the pineal gland do? secretes melatonin, helps regulate biorhythms; may regulate the onset of puberty. triggers hypotrichosis : Too Much = sleep increases Too Little = sleep decreases What does the thyroid and parathyroid glands do? Regulates metabolism. It utilizes iodine from food. Regulates calcium and phosphorous in the body. Where is the thymus gland located? behind the sternum (chest). Makes Thymosin. affects growth of lymphoid tissue (t-cells) Adrenal Glands AKA suprarenals. Sit on top of each kidney. adrenal cortex = produces 50 different steroids.
Secretes mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, glucocorticoids<< (IBEC pg. 65 - 66) What does cortisol do? steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to tissue damage; regulates blood pressure & blood sugar ex. hydrocortisone, cortizone, cortisol The 3 Groups of Steroids
- Zona Glomerulosa = Mineralocorticoids, EX. Aldosterone
- Zona Fasciculata = Glucocortoids, EX. Cortisol
- Zona Reticularis = Sex Steroid, EX. DHEA, Testosterone, Estrogen PG. 66 - IBEC What is adrenaline? A hormone released by the adrenal glands Released in response to stressful or scary situations - your brain detects fear or stress and sends nervous impulses to the adrenal glands - they respond by secreting adrenaline Triggers mechanisms that increase the supply of oxygen and glucose to cells in the brain and muscles.
